Tyramine

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    51-67-2

    Molecular formula
    C8H11NO

    SMILES
    C1=CC(=CC=C1CCN)O

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fishy 60.34%
    Cheesy 54.1%
    Meaty 48.59%
    Phenolic 42.82%
    Ripe 42.2%
    Animal 42.15%
    Smoky 37.97%
    Burnt 30.09%
    Savory 28.87%
    Odorless 26.78%

    Scent© AI

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    1.1

    Molecular weight
    137.18 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Melting point expt.

    • 164-165 °C
    • MP: 269 °C /TYRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE/
    • 164 - 165 °C

    Boiling point

    • 166 °C @ 2 MM HG

    Flash point est.
    132.89 ˚C

    Solubility expt.

    • SOL IN WATER /TYRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE/
    • 1 G DISSOLVES IN 10 ML BOILING ALCOHOL
    • SPARINGLY SOL IN BENZENE, XYLENE
    • Slightly soluble in water, benzene; soluble in ethanol, xylene
    • Water solubility = 10.4E+3 mg/L @ 15 °C
    • 10.4 mg/mL at 15 °C
    • Soluble in water
    • Soluble (in ethanol)

  • Synonyms

    • tyramine
    • 51-67-2
    • 4-(2-Aminoethyl)phenol
    • p-Tyramine
    • 4-Hydroxyphenethylamine
    • 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine
    • Uteramine
    • Tyrosamine
    • Tocosine
    • Tyramin
    • Systogene
    • Phenol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-
    • 4-Hydroxyphenylethylamine
    • p-(2-Aminoethyl)phenol
    • p-Hydroxyphenethylamine
    • Tenosin-wirkstoff
    • p-Hydroxyphenylethylamine
    • 2-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine
    • Phenethylamine, p-hydroxy-
    • p-beta-Aminoethylphenol
    • Phenol, p-(2-aminoethyl)-
    • Benzeneethanamine, 4-hydroxy-
    • Tyramine base
    • beta-Hydroxyphenylethylamine
    • MFCD00008193
    • alpha-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-beta-aminoethane
    • NSC 249188
    • BRN 1099914
    • HSDB 2132
    • 2-p-hydroxyphenylethylamine
    • UNII-X8ZC7V0OX3
    • EINECS 200-115-8
    • X8ZC7V0OX3
    • NSC-249188
    • 4-Hydroxy-beta-phenylethylamine
    • DTXSID2043874
    • FEMA NO. 4215
    • beta-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine
    • CHEBI:15760
    • p-.beta.-Aminoethylphenol
    • 4-(2-aminoethyl)-Phenol
    • 4 Hydroxyphenethylamine
    • CHEMBL11608
    • MLS000079096
    • p-Hydroxy-.beta.-phenethylamine
    • 2-(4'-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine
    • DTXCID0023874
    • 4-Hydroxy-.beta.-phenylethylamine
    • .beta.-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine
    • 4-13-00-01788 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • NSC249188
    • NCGC00016011-08
    • SMR000059295
    • .alpha.-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-.beta.-aminoethane
    • CAS-51-67-2
    • [3H]tyramine
    • [3H]-Tyramine
    • SR-01000075365
    • L-Tyramine
    • 4-aminoethylphenol
    • AEF
    • Tyramine, free base
    • Tyramine (Standard)
    • Tyramine, 99%
    • Spectrum_001213
    • Opera_ID_887
    • TYRAMINE [FHFI]
    • TYRAMINE [HSDB]
    • TYRAMINE [MI]
    • TYRAMINE [VANDF]
    • Tyramine, 98%, FG
    • p-hydroxy-phenylethylamine
    • Spectrum2_000738
    • Spectrum3_000693
    • Spectrum4_001801
    • Spectrum5_000501
    • Lopac-T-2879
    • p-(2-aminoethyl)-Phenol
    • P-hydroxy-b-phenethylamine
    • Biomol-NT_000075
    • bmse000243
    • bmse000870
    • bmse000891
    • TYRAMINE [WHO-DD]
    • 4-hydroxy-Benzeneethanamine
    • (4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine
    • cid_5610
    • SCHEMBL4111
    • WLN: Z2R DQ
    • 4-(2-amino-ethyl)-phenol
    • P-hydroxy-b-phenylethylamine
    • 4- (2-aminoethyl)-Phenol
    • 4-Hydroxy-b-phenylethylamine
    • Lopac0_001136
    • Oprea1_294339
    • BSPBio_002445
    • KBioGR_002405
    • KBioSS_001693
    • p-Hydroxy-beta-phenethylamine
    • SPECTRUM210400
    • Tyramine, analytical standard
    • b-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine
    • BIDD:ER0507
    • DivK1c_000918
    • 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanamine
    • SPBio_000696
    • p-Hydroxy-beta-phenylethylamine
    • BPBio1_001394
    • GTPL2148
    • GTPL2150
    • SGCUT00017
    • 2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)ethylamine
    • 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-ethylamine
    • BDBM29135
    • HMS502N20
    • KBio1_000918
    • KBio2_001693
    • KBio2_004261
    • KBio2_006829
    • KBio3_001665
    • NINDS_000918
    • p-Hydroxy-.beta.-phenylethylamine
    • HMS1923C19
    • HMS2235J05
    • HMS3885C17
    • a-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-b-aminoethane
    • HY-W007606R
    • to_000085

  • Applications

    Tyramine (CAS 51-67-2) is a naturally occurring biogenic amine formed by the decarboxylation of tyrosine and abundant in fermented foods, so in the food industry it serves as a biochemical marker to monitor ripening and fermentation of cheese, sausages and wine; in pharmaceutical and biochemical laboratories it is used as an analytical reference standard in LC-MS/MS and HPLC food-safety assays, as a substrate to quantify monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity for screening MAO inhibitors and for establishing sympathetic neurophysiology models that measure norepinephrine-mediated pressor responses; additionally, tyramine is exploited for synthesizing azo dyes, as a pure organic intermediate, as an internal standard in metabolic studies and as a reference compound in nutritional research on tyramine intolerance.

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 78.6
    methanol 313.98
    isopropanol 24.56
    water 33.47
    ethyl acetate 25.52
    n-propanol 45.68
    acetone 60.46
    n-butanol 29.95
    acetonitrile 20.53
    DMF 91.05
    toluene 7.76
    isobutanol 31.63
    1,4-dioxane 28.55
    methyl acetate 28.31
    THF 108.09
    2-butanone 41.08
    n-pentanol 26.63
    sec-butanol 22.19
    n-hexane 1.18
    ethylene glycol 143.3
    NMP 323.79
    cyclohexane 1.0
    DMSO 647.52
    n-butyl acetate 51.38
    n-octanol 12.81
    chloroform 13.01
    n-propyl acetate 29.04
    acetic acid 265.54
    dichloromethane 12.87
    cyclohexanone 92.49
    propylene glycol 93.64
    isopropyl acetate 17.35
    DMAc 157.33
    2-ethoxyethanol 109.46
    isopentanol 37.19
    n-heptane 1.95
    ethyl formate 50.96
    1,2-dichloroethane 16.04
    n-hexanol 57.35
    2-methoxyethanol 212.56
    isobutyl acetate 16.17
    tetrachloromethane 14.47
    n-pentyl acetate 18.66
    transcutol 230.58
    n-heptanol 24.95
    ethylbenzene 5.02
    MIBK 26.29
    2-propoxyethanol 139.95
    tert-butanol 65.66
    MTBE 19.12
    2-butoxyethanol 64.24
    propionic acid 152.04
    o-xylene 9.87
    formic acid 432.11
    diethyl ether 6.09
    m-xylene 10.61
    p-xylene 6.63
    chlorobenzene 15.64
    dimethyl carbonate 32.54
    n-octane 0.54
    formamide 430.75
    cyclopentanone 197.14
    2-pentanone 28.37
    anisole 23.48
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 45.0
    gamma-butyrolactone 278.37
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 93.81
    pyridine 33.25
    3-pentanone 21.75
    furfural 236.19
    n-dodecane 0.41
    diethylene glycol 186.43
    diisopropyl ether 4.33
    tert-amyl alcohol 55.67
    acetylacetone 64.28
    n-hexadecane 0.44
    acetophenone 35.27
    methyl propionate 35.8
    isopentyl acetate 41.98
    trichloroethylene 42.9
    n-nonanol 11.33
    cyclohexanol 31.77
    benzyl alcohol 35.56
    2-ethylhexanol 32.31
    isooctanol 19.6
    dipropyl ether 16.78
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 20.84
    ethyl lactate 36.55
    propylene carbonate 114.61
    n-methylformamide 181.54
    2-pentanol 13.25
    n-pentane 0.65
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 83.78
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 64.81
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 62.71
    mesitylene 7.26
    ε-caprolactone 96.91
    p-cymene 9.0
    epichlorohydrin 132.12
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 22.4
    2-aminoethanol 178.26
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 187.68
    sulfolane 524.35
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 1.44
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 65.3
    n-hexyl acetate 24.57
    isooctane 1.14
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 84.18
    sec-butyl acetate 14.17
    tert-butyl acetate 34.6
    decalin 1.42
    glycerin 216.53
    diglyme 147.04
    acrylic acid 171.84
    isopropyl myristate 7.86
    n-butyric acid 130.92
    acetyl acetate 29.25
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 19.09
    ethyl propionate 21.2
    nitromethane 308.24
    1,2-diethoxyethane 25.82
    benzonitrile 28.6
    trioctyl phosphate 13.96
    1-bromopropane 3.8
    gamma-valerolactone 240.2
    n-decanol 8.44
    triethyl phosphate 21.72
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 14.81
    propionitrile 17.65
    vinylene carbonate 85.3
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 212.59
    DMS 28.11
    cumene 5.55
    2-octanol 9.75
    2-hexanone 27.5
    octyl acetate 13.01
    limonene 12.19
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 84.67
    ethyl orthosilicate 20.39
    tributyl phosphate 16.22
    diacetone alcohol 88.37
    N,N-dimethylaniline 18.93
    acrylonitrile 34.79
    aniline 33.12
    1,3-propanediol 142.38
    bromobenzene 10.43
    dibromomethane 7.57
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 37.45
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 30.67
    tetrabutyl urea 20.17
    diisobutyl methanol 15.24
    2-phenylethanol 46.59
    styrene 4.85
    dioctyl adipate 16.43
    dimethyl sulfate 109.0
    ethyl butyrate 32.35
    methyl lactate 73.17
    butyl lactate 34.89
    diethyl carbonate 22.32
    propanediol butyl ether 63.12
    triethyl orthoformate 25.21
    p-tert-butyltoluene 9.14
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 41.46
    morpholine 46.15
    tert-butylamine 23.36
    n-dodecanol 6.11
    dimethoxymethane 47.0
    ethylene carbonate 68.65
    cyrene 75.19
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 34.13
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 29.68
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 30.48
    4-methylpyridine 31.28
    dibutyl ether 6.29
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 15.24
    DEF 40.62
    dimethyl isosorbide 107.58
    tetrachloroethylene 49.18
    eugenol 48.04
    triacetin 35.72
    span 80 49.4
    1,4-butanediol 60.07
    1,1-dichloroethane 7.94
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 31.55
    methyl formate 128.75
    2-methyl-1-butanol 35.81
    n-decane 0.62
    butyronitrile 14.9
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 15.9
    1-chlorooctane 3.8
    1-chlorotetradecane 1.45
    n-nonane 0.54
    undecane 0.5
    tert-butylcyclohexane 1.81
    cyclooctane 0.63
    cyclopentanol 61.33
    tetrahydropyran 15.73
    tert-amyl methyl ether 18.55
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 104.7
    1-hexene 3.36
    2-isopropoxyethanol 62.44
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 120.31
    methyl butyrate 36.2

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction