Serine

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    56-45-1

    Molecular formula
    C3H7NO3

    SMILES
    C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)O

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 71.33%
    Sweet 37.95%
    Savory 25.23%
    Bitter 18.51%
    Meaty 17.87%
    Caramellic 16.55%
    Milky 16.19%
    Fishy 15.56%
    Buttery 15.43%
    Sharp 15.27%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 74.21%
    Mild 32.39%
    Sour 27.28%
    Very mild 26.04%
    Bland 25.37%
    Acidic 24.45%
    Yeast 24.12%
    Sweet-like 23.58%
    Faint 21.87%
    Formyl 20.42%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -3.1

    pKa est.
    5.01 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    105.09 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    297°C

    Melting point expt.

    • 228 dec °C
    • 228 °C (decomposes)
    • 228 °C

    Flash point

    • 179.0 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • 425000 mg/L (at 25 °C)
    • SOL IN WATER; PRACTICALLY INSOL IN ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL, ETHER
    • INSOL IN BENZENE, ETHER, ETHANOL
    • Water solubility = 425 g/L at 25 °C
    • 425.0 mg/mL

  • Synonyms

    • L-serine
    • serine
    • 56-45-1
    • (S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid
    • H-Ser-OH
    • (S)-Serine
    • beta-Hydroxyalanine
    • L-(-)-Serine
    • L-ser
    • Serine, L-
    • (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid
    • L-Serin
    • Serina
    • L-3-Hydroxy-alanine
    • 2-Amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid
    • beta-Hydroxy-L-alanine
    • Serinum [Latin]
    • SER (IUPAC abbrev)
    • Serina [Spanish]
    • L-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid
    • Serine (VAN)
    • Serinum
    • alpha-Amino-beta-hydroxypropionic acid
    • Serene
    • L-3-Hydroxy-2-aminopropionic acid
    • Serine [USAN:INN]
    • HSDB 680
    • (S)-(-)-Serine
    • (S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid
    • 2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, (S)-
    • (-)-Serine
    • MFCD00064224
    • Propanoic acid, 2-amino-3-hydroxy-, (S)-
    • ser
    • CHEBI:17115
    • BRN 1721404
    • (S)-alpha-Amino-beta-hydroxypropionic acid
    • EINECS 200-274-3
    • NSC 118365
    • Serine (L-Serine)
    • (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-propanoic acid
    • 3-Hydroxyalanine
    • UNII-452VLY9402
    • 6898-95-9
    • 452VLY9402
    • NSC-118365
    • (S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-Propanoic acid
    • Serinum (Latin)
    • DTXSID60883230
    • EC 200-274-3
    • 4-04-00-03118 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • SERINE (II)
    • SERINE [II]
    • SERINE (MART.)
    • SERINE [MART.]
    • L-SERINE (USP-RS)
    • L-SERINE [USP-RS]
    • serin
    • SERINE (EP MONOGRAPH)
    • SERINE [EP MONOGRAPH]
    • SERINE (USP MONOGRAPH)
    • SERINE [USP MONOGRAPH]
    • l serine
    • .beta.-Hydroxyalanine
    • b-Hydroxy-L-alanine
    • rac-serine
    • Racemic serine
    • 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoate
    • NSC118365
    • Propanoic acid, 2-amino-3-hydroxy-
    • 3h-l-serine
    • H-Ser
    • (S)-a-Amino-b-hydroxypropionic acid
    • Serine (USP)
    • 3-hydroxy-L-Alanine
    • L-Serine (Standard)
    • Tocris-0226
    • Tocris-0227
    • L-Serine (JP18)
    • SERINE [VANDF]
    • SERINE [HSDB]
    • SERINE [USAN]
    • L-Alanine, 3-hydroxy-
    • SERINE [INN]
    • SERINE [WHO-DD]
    • Lopac-S-4250
    • SERINE [MI]
    • L-SERINE [FCC]
    • L-SERINE [JAN]
    • (L)-SERINE
    • bmse000048
    • bmse000809
    • bmse000867
    • bmse000885
    • Epitope ID:150900
    • SCHEMBL1775
    • GTPL726
    • CHEMBL11298
    • L-3-Hydroxy-2-aminopropionate
    • (S)-a-Amino-b-hydroxypropionate
    • HY-N0650R
    • (S)-b-Amino-3-hydroxypropionate
    • (S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoate
    • DTXCID501022779
    • DTXSID301031857
    • Pharmakon1600-01301010
    • L-Serine - CAS 56-45-1
    • (S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-Propanoate
    • HY-N0650
    • L-Serine, Vetec(TM), 98.5%
    • STR02557
    • (S)-beta-Amino-3-hydroxypropionate
    • l-2-Amino-3-hydroxy-propanoic acid
    • L-Serine, >=99.0% (NT)
    • BDBM50357212
    • NSC760115
    • (S)-b-Amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid
    • AKOS015854115
    • (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-propanoicacid
    • (S)-alpha-Amino-beta-hydroxypropionate
    • AC-1190
    • CCG-266038
    • CS-W020136
    • DB00133
    • FS16023
    • NSC-760115
    • (S)-beta-Amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid
    • L-Serine, tested according to Ph.Eur.

  • Applications

    Serine (CAS 56-45-1) is a proteinogenic amino acid used as a building block in peptide and pharmaceutical synthesis, and serves as a nutrient in cell culture media and fermentation processes in bioprocessing. In cosmetics and personal care, it is used as a humectant and conditioning ingredient for skin and hair. In nutritional formulations and specialized foods, Serine may be added as an amino acid supplement or incorporated in fermentation feeds. In industrial manufacturing, it serves as an intermediate for the synthesis of specialty chemicals and peptide-based materials, and in materials science it is a precursor for peptide-based polymers and biodegradable materials.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 0.06
    methanol 0.26
    isopropanol 0.02
    water 223.11
    ethyl acetate 0.04
    n-propanol 0.04
    acetone 0.15
    n-butanol 0.02
    acetonitrile 0.22
    DMF 5.34
    toluene 0.03
    isobutanol 0.03
    1,4-dioxane 0.13
    methyl acetate 0.04
    THF 0.15
    2-butanone 0.07
    n-pentanol 0.03
    sec-butanol 0.03
    n-hexane 0.03
    ethylene glycol 3.44
    NMP 15.4
    cyclohexane 0.06
    DMSO 13.53
    n-butyl acetate 0.05
    n-octanol 0.06
    chloroform 0.01
    n-propyl acetate 0.03
    acetic acid 2.64
    dichloromethane 0.02
    cyclohexanone 0.3
    propylene glycol 0.89
    isopropyl acetate 0.04
    DMAc 4.9
    2-ethoxyethanol 0.37
    isopentanol 0.04
    n-heptane 0.08
    ethyl formate 0.08
    1,2-dichloroethane 0.03
    n-hexanol 0.07
    2-methoxyethanol 0.8
    isobutyl acetate 0.02
    tetrachloromethane 0.03
    n-pentyl acetate 0.06
    transcutol 1.13
    n-heptanol 0.1
    ethylbenzene 0.02
    MIBK 0.1
    2-propoxyethanol 0.45
    tert-butanol 0.07
    MTBE 0.03
    2-butoxyethanol 0.4
    propionic acid 0.33
    o-xylene 0.07
    formic acid 31.18
    diethyl ether 0.03
    m-xylene 0.06
    p-xylene 0.03
    chlorobenzene 0.01
    dimethyl carbonate 0.17
    n-octane 0.03
    formamide 12.33
    cyclopentanone 0.46
    2-pentanone 0.08
    anisole 0.04
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 0.15
    gamma-butyrolactone 0.55
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 0.4
    pyridine 0.1
    3-pentanone 0.11
    furfural 1.11
    n-dodecane 0.01
    diethylene glycol 1.98
    diisopropyl ether 0.03
    tert-amyl alcohol 0.1
    acetylacetone 0.34
    n-hexadecane 0.01
    acetophenone 0.1
    methyl propionate 0.09
    isopentyl acetate 0.06
    trichloroethylene 0.04
    n-nonanol 0.06
    cyclohexanol 0.11
    benzyl alcohol 0.08
    2-ethylhexanol 0.08
    isooctanol 0.1
    dipropyl ether 0.1
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.02
    ethyl lactate 0.19
    propylene carbonate 0.23
    n-methylformamide 1.37
    2-pentanol 0.03
    n-pentane 0.02
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 0.34
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 0.18
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 0.76
    mesitylene 0.07
    ε-caprolactone 0.26
    p-cymene 0.07
    epichlorohydrin 0.11
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.02
    2-aminoethanol 1.2
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 4.13
    sulfolane 5.72
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.02
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 0.1
    n-hexyl acetate 0.06
    isooctane 0.01
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 0.75
    sec-butyl acetate 0.03
    tert-butyl acetate 0.1
    decalin 0.03
    glycerin 7.89
    diglyme 1.21
    acrylic acid 1.1
    isopropyl myristate 0.04
    n-butyric acid 0.19
    acetyl acetate 0.08
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 0.12
    ethyl propionate 0.04
    nitromethane 1.88
    1,2-diethoxyethane 0.08
    benzonitrile 0.04
    trioctyl phosphate 0.1
    1-bromopropane 0.01
    gamma-valerolactone 1.16
    n-decanol 0.05
    triethyl phosphate 0.13
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 0.05
    propionitrile 0.05
    vinylene carbonate 0.19
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 1.33
    DMS 0.1
    cumene 0.03
    2-octanol 0.06
    2-hexanone 0.05
    octyl acetate 0.05
    limonene 0.11
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 0.31
    ethyl orthosilicate 0.12
    tributyl phosphate 0.1
    diacetone alcohol 0.52
    N,N-dimethylaniline 0.12
    acrylonitrile 0.11
    aniline 0.08
    1,3-propanediol 0.42
    bromobenzene 0.01
    dibromomethane 0.02
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 0.04
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 0.1
    tetrabutyl urea 0.26
    diisobutyl methanol 0.11
    2-phenylethanol 0.1
    styrene 0.02
    dioctyl adipate 0.08
    dimethyl sulfate 0.96
    ethyl butyrate 0.08
    methyl lactate 0.58
    butyl lactate 0.21
    diethyl carbonate 0.04
    propanediol butyl ether 0.63
    triethyl orthoformate 0.11
    p-tert-butyltoluene 0.07
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 0.43
    morpholine 0.17
    tert-butylamine 0.04
    n-dodecanol 0.04
    dimethoxymethane 0.38
    ethylene carbonate 0.13
    cyrene 1.85
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 0.09
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 0.05
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.03
    4-methylpyridine 0.08
    dibutyl ether 0.04
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 0.11
    DEF 0.45
    dimethyl isosorbide 1.24
    tetrachloroethylene 0.07
    eugenol 0.54
    triacetin 0.21
    span 80 0.71
    1,4-butanediol 0.27
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.01
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 0.04
    methyl formate 0.77
    2-methyl-1-butanol 0.04
    n-decane 0.02
    butyronitrile 0.03
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 0.06
    1-chlorooctane 0.02
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.01
    n-nonane 0.02
    undecane 0.01
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.02
    cyclooctane 0.05
    cyclopentanol 0.15
    tetrahydropyran 0.05
    tert-amyl methyl ether 0.06
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 1.48
    1-hexene 0.02
    2-isopropoxyethanol 0.19
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 2.93
    methyl butyrate 0.07

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction