Piperidine

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    110-89-4

    Molecular formula
    C5H11N

    SMILES
    C1CCNCC1

    Safety labels

    Flammable
    Flammable

    Corrosive
    Corrosive

    Acute Toxic
    Acute Toxic

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Animal 69.11%
    Fishy 68.35%
    Floral 63.48%
    Sweet 63.4%
    Cheesy 38.46%
    Musty 24.41%
    Powdery 22.36%
    Ripe 22.02%
    Musk 21.99%
    Nutty 21.15%

     

    Flavor
    Animal 61.29%
    Sweet 60.97%
    Bitter 60.01%
    Floral 59.64%
    Ammoniacal 42.73%
    Amine 39.84%
    Alkaline 31.96%
    Egg 30.91%
    Shrimp 25.33%
    Heavy 25.16%

     

    Odor impact est.
    High

    Odor threshold

    • Odor threshold <2 ppm by volume

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    0.8

    pKa est.
    8.43 (weak base)

    Molecular weight
    85.15 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra fast

    Melting point expt.

    • 16 to 19 °F (EPA, 1998)
    • -7 °C
    • -9 °C

    Boiling point

    • 223 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)
    • 106 °C at 760 mm Hg
    • 106.00 to 107.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
    • 106 °C

    Flash point

    • 12.95 ˚C est.
    • 37.4 to 61 °F (EPA, 1998)
    • 61 °F (16 °C) (closed cup)
    • 16 °C c.c.

    Solubility expt.

    • Miscible (NTP, 1992)
    • Miscible in ethanol; soluble in ethyl ether, acetone, benzene, chloroform
    • Miscible in water
    • 1000 mg/mL at 20 °C
    • Solubility in water: miscible
    • Soluble in water, ether
    • Soluble (in ethanol)

  • Synonyms

    • PIPERIDINE
    • 110-89-4
    • Hexahydropyridine
    • Cyclopentimine
    • Azacyclohexane
    • Piperidin
    • Cypentil
    • Hexazane
    • Pentamethyleneimine
    • Pentamethylenimine
    • Perhydropyridine
    • Pyridine, hexahydro-
    • Pentamethyleneamine
    • azinane
    • FEMA No. 2908
    • CCRIS 967
    • piperdine
    • HSDB 114
    • EINECS 203-813-0
    • DTXSID6021165
    • UNII-67I85E138Y
    • CHEBI:18049
    • AI3-24114
    • Piperidine, homopolymer
    • MFCD00005979
    • 67I85E138Y
    • CHEMBL15487
    • DTXCID101165
    • PIP
    • EC 203-813-0
    • Piperidin [German]
    • 89014-30-2
    • Piperidine, puriss. p.a., >=99.0% (GC/T)
    • UN2401
    • piperadine
    • pyperidine
    • N-piperidine
    • Piperidine [UN2401] [Corrosive]
    • Piperidine, 99%
    • PENTAMETHSENEIMINE
    • Hexazane; Azacyclohexane
    • PIPERIDINE [MI]
    • PIPERIDINE [FCC]
    • PIPERIDINE [FHFI]
    • PIPERIDINE [HSDB]
    • TOLPERISONE_met028
    • Piperidine on Rasta Resin
    • NCIMech_000312
    • Piperidine (Peptide Grade)
    • NCIOpen2_007828
    • PIPERIDINE [WHO-DD]
    • Piperidine, >=99%, FG
    • Piperidine, >=99%, FCC
    • Piperidine, analytical standard
    • GTPL5477
    • FEMA 2908
    • Piperidine (Peptide Grade), 99%
    • Piperidine, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
    • STR00031
    • Tox21_201175
    • BDBM50026449
    • Piperidine [UN2401] [Corrosive]
    • AKOS002309795
    • UN 2401
    • Piperidine, biotech. grade, >=99.5%
    • NCGC00248946-01
    • NCGC00258727-01
    • CAS-110-89-4
    • Piperidine, purum, >=96.0% (GC/T)
    • Piperidine, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
    • DB-188863
    • NS00009032
    • P0453
    • Piperidine, puriss. plus, >=99.5% (GC)
    • C01746
    • P-6865
    • Piperidine, >=99.5%, purified by redistillation
    • Q410234
    • InChI=1/C5H11N/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h6H,1-5H
    • 203-813-0
    • 52167-54-1
    • StratoSpheres(TM) PL-PIP (Piperidine) resin, 50-100 mesh, extent of labeling: 3.0-4.0 mmol/g loading, 1 % cross-linked

  • Applications

    Piperidine (CAS 110-89-4) is a six-membered saturated cyclic amine with a pungent odor that is widely valued in both laboratory and large-scale manufacturing because it serves simultaneously as a strong organic base and a reactive solvent; it is a key intermediate for producing numerous pharmaceuticals (local anesthetics, antihistamines, antipsychotics, antiarrhythmics, antiretrovirals), a precursor to natural alkaloids, a building block for agrochemicals such as insecticides and plant-growth regulators, an ingredient in corrosion-inhibitor packages, rubber vulcanization accelerators, and epoxy-resin curing agents, as well as a complexing agent in electroplating, while also being used to tailor nanomaterials’ adsorption properties and boost the efficiency of perovskite solar cells; owing to its versatile heterocyclic scaffold, piperidine is regarded as a strategic “building block” in fine chemistry, enabling the attachment of diverse functional groups to optimize pharmacodynamics, solubility, and product stability.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 465.64
    methanol 575.91
    isopropanol 248.55
    water 3.67
    ethyl acetate 350.47
    n-propanol 383.15
    acetone 303.86
    n-butanol 375.25
    acetonitrile 277.97
    DMF 348.18
    toluene 106.99
    isobutanol 188.9
    1,4-dioxane 344.18
    methyl acetate 245.9
    THF 746.34
    2-butanone 255.45
    n-pentanol 192.77
    sec-butanol 219.79
    n-hexane 49.36
    ethylene glycol 133.11
    NMP 368.5
    cyclohexane 75.86
    DMSO 442.43
    n-butyl acetate 341.88
    n-octanol 82.12
    chloroform 1304.37
    n-propyl acetate 154.18
    acetic acid 654.67
    dichloromethane 827.8
    cyclohexanone 375.17
    propylene glycol 169.45
    isopropyl acetate 146.64
    DMAc 216.86
    2-ethoxyethanol 228.02
    isopentanol 188.98
    n-heptane 82.47
    ethyl formate 291.41
    1,2-dichloroethane 388.34
    n-hexanol 304.16
    2-methoxyethanol 486.64
    isobutyl acetate 73.17
    tetrachloromethane 245.42
    n-pentyl acetate 131.35
    transcutol 518.37
    n-heptanol 120.48
    ethylbenzene 36.02
    MIBK 89.86
    2-propoxyethanol 401.23
    tert-butanol 185.09
    MTBE 108.97
    2-butoxyethanol 197.73
    propionic acid 463.86
    o-xylene 55.23
    formic acid 240.38
    diethyl ether 257.78
    m-xylene 57.39
    p-xylene 45.85
    chlorobenzene 222.27
    dimethyl carbonate 66.34
    n-octane 22.06
    formamide 232.11
    cyclopentanone 537.05
    2-pentanone 240.42
    anisole 77.27
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 263.53
    gamma-butyrolactone 688.25
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 314.04
    pyridine 492.76
    3-pentanone 175.75
    furfural 559.35
    n-dodecane 12.0
    diethylene glycol 264.66
    diisopropyl ether 46.45
    tert-amyl alcohol 145.12
    acetylacetone 206.39
    n-hexadecane 12.58
    acetophenone 82.61
    methyl propionate 235.88
    isopentyl acetate 171.57
    trichloroethylene 781.45
    n-nonanol 75.2
    cyclohexanol 214.37
    benzyl alcohol 112.76
    2-ethylhexanol 163.98
    isooctanol 75.89
    dipropyl ether 255.95
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 166.81
    ethyl lactate 80.72
    propylene carbonate 350.74
    n-methylformamide 344.05
    2-pentanol 185.27
    n-pentane 62.96
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 320.55
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 189.97
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 100.64
    mesitylene 30.21
    ε-caprolactone 348.89
    p-cymene 50.28
    epichlorohydrin 518.14
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 377.1
    2-aminoethanol 261.19
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 331.94
    sulfolane 527.97
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 18.78
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 418.2
    n-hexyl acetate 124.93
    isooctane 12.14
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 175.3
    sec-butyl acetate 75.7
    tert-butyl acetate 98.84
    decalin 20.11
    glycerin 227.06
    diglyme 309.17
    acrylic acid 412.86
    isopropyl myristate 44.03
    n-butyric acid 649.3
    acetyl acetate 193.23
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 49.58
    ethyl propionate 132.59
    nitromethane 573.53
    1,2-diethoxyethane 232.94
    benzonitrile 184.84
    trioctyl phosphate 40.86
    1-bromopropane 311.52
    gamma-valerolactone 497.99
    n-decanol 54.61
    triethyl phosphate 64.41
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 70.51
    propionitrile 300.67
    vinylene carbonate 297.48
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 477.98
    DMS 71.2
    cumene 25.9
    2-octanol 63.03
    2-hexanone 122.9
    octyl acetate 66.62
    limonene 90.2
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 240.76
    ethyl orthosilicate 67.62
    tributyl phosphate 55.13
    diacetone alcohol 135.85
    N,N-dimethylaniline 51.13
    acrylonitrile 378.44
    aniline 232.84
    1,3-propanediol 321.38
    bromobenzene 201.1
    dibromomethane 599.83
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 613.67
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 95.67
    tetrabutyl urea 66.98
    diisobutyl methanol 67.96
    2-phenylethanol 147.12
    styrene 60.39
    dioctyl adipate 65.08
    dimethyl sulfate 99.58
    ethyl butyrate 209.75
    methyl lactate 136.37
    butyl lactate 111.05
    diethyl carbonate 102.9
    propanediol butyl ether 134.86
    triethyl orthoformate 127.66
    p-tert-butyltoluene 45.39
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 80.63
    morpholine 453.73
    tert-butylamine 134.22
    n-dodecanol 41.99
    dimethoxymethane 200.67
    ethylene carbonate 251.35
    cyrene 90.23
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 152.19
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 150.56
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 186.33
    4-methylpyridine 286.06
    dibutyl ether 128.95
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 67.96
    DEF 272.74
    dimethyl isosorbide 154.48
    tetrachloroethylene 512.17
    eugenol 86.07
    triacetin 104.43
    span 80 136.24
    1,4-butanediol 105.95
    1,1-dichloroethane 413.12
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 110.01
    methyl formate 216.01
    2-methyl-1-butanol 186.1
    n-decane 22.1
    butyronitrile 339.6
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 76.36
    1-chlorooctane 63.33
    1-chlorotetradecane 23.72
    n-nonane 23.82
    undecane 15.33
    tert-butylcyclohexane 17.09
    cyclooctane 27.07
    cyclopentanol 288.83
    tetrahydropyran 401.59
    tert-amyl methyl ether 91.2
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 182.48
    1-hexene 128.58
    2-isopropoxyethanol 124.94
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 206.82
    methyl butyrate 173.09

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction