Picoline, gamma

Overview IFRA Botanical Request a quote

  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    108-89-4

    Molecular formula
    C6H7N

    SMILES
    CC1=CC=NC=C1

    Safety labels

    Flammable
    Flammable

    Acute Toxic
    Acute Toxic

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Green 81.22%
    Fishy 58.92%
    Animal 49.71%
    Tobacco 48.85%
    Nutty 41.23%
    Earthy 40.21%
    Herbal 39.13%
    Sweet 39.12%
    Burnt 37.46%
    Smoky 37.43%

     

    Flavor
    Nutty 50.47%
    Bitter 40.92%
    Woody 34.66%
    Roasted 33.96%
    Green 33.22%
    Cocoa 28.75%
    Rubber 24.99%
    Ethereal 24.89%
    Peanut 24.24%
    Tobacco 23.75%

     

    Odor impact est.
    High

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    1.2

    pKa est.
    5.87 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    93.13 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra fast

    Melting point expt.

    • 38.5 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • 3.68 °C
    • 3.7 °C

    Boiling point

    • 292.8 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
    • 145 °C at 760 mm Hg
    • 144-145 °C

    Flash point

    • 36.23 ˚C est.
    • 134 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • 57 °C
    • 134 °F (57 °C) (Open cup)
    • 39 °C (102 °F) (Closed cup)
    • 57 °C o.c.

    Solubility expt.

    • Miscible with water at 20 °C
    • Soluble in alcohol, ether
    • Soluble in acetone, carbon tetrachloride
    • Solubility in water: miscible

  • Synonyms

    • 4-METHYLPYRIDINE
    • 4-Picoline
    • 108-89-4
    • Pyridine, 4-methyl-
    • gamma-Picoline
    • p-Picoline
    • p-Methylpyridine
    • 4-methyl pyridine
    • 4-methyl-pyridine
    • gamma-Methylpyridine
    • Ba 35846
    • 4-methylpyridinium
    • 4-Mepy
    • NSC 18252
    • PICOLINE, GAMMA
    • CCRIS 1723
    • HSDB 5386
    • UNII-TJD6V9SSO7
    • TJD6V9SSO7
    • .gamma.-Picoline
    • EINECS 203-626-4
    • 4-METHYL-D1-PYRIDINE
    • DTXSID4021892
    • CHEBI:32547
    • .gamma.-Methylpyridine
    • AI3-24111
    • NSC-18252
    • DTXCID201892
    • 69046-49-7
    • BA-35846
    • CAS-108-89-4
    • gamma-picolin
    • 4-pi-coline
    • para-Methylpyridine
    • 4-Methylpyridine, 98%
    • 4-Methylpyridine, 99%
    • NCIOpen2_007706
    • WLN: T6NJ D1
    • CHEMBL15544
    • .GAMMA.-PICOLINE [MI]
    • 4-METHYLPYRIDINE [HSDB]
    • NSC18252
    • Tox21_201400
    • Tox21_302961
    • BBL011459
    • MFCD00006440
    • STL146571
    • AKOS000119191
    • RTE3_000025
    • NCGC00249042-01
    • NCGC00256613-01
    • NCGC00258951-01
    • 4-Picoline, analytical reference material
    • PD182276
    • 4-METHYL-PYRIDINE (GAMMA-PICOLINE)
    • DB-031403
    • DB-185117
    • DB-358358
    • p-Picoline [UN2313] [Flammable liquid]
    • A2139
    • NS00015293
    • P0417
    • EN300-19109
    • PK04_181300
    • A801938
    • Q2189778
    • F0001-0182
    • InChI=1/C6H7N/c1-6-2-4-7-5-3-6/h2-5H,1H
    • 203-626-4
    • 92075-35-9

  • Applications

    Gamma‑picoline (4‑methylpyridine, CAS 108‑89‑4) is a key platform chemical used mainly as an intermediate for oxidation/ammoxidation to pyridine‑4 derivatives such as 4‑cyanopyridine, 4‑pyridinecarboxaldehyde, and isonicotinic acid, which in turn lead to active pharmaceutical ingredients (e.g., isoniazid via isonicotinic acid hydrazide, 4‑aminopyridine for neurological therapy, and DMAP as an acylation catalyst), pyridine‑based agrochemicals (herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators), dyes and specialty additives; 4‑methylpyridine itself serves as a base/solvent and acid scavenger in organic synthesis, forms quaternary pyridinium salts for phase‑transfer catalysis and ionic liquids, and is a precursor to 4,4′‑bipyridine and other N‑heterocyclic ligands for metal catalysis, MOF materials, and organic electronics, while functionalized pyridine derivatives derived from it are employed to tune curing and performance in epoxy or polyurethane resin systems.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 445.72
    methanol 336.59
    isopropanol 284.11
    water 8.8
    ethyl acetate 464.91
    n-propanol 392.28
    acetone 371.0
    n-butanol 305.06
    acetonitrile 468.19
    DMF 500.28
    toluene 189.31
    isobutanol 217.07
    1,4-dioxane 565.68
    methyl acetate 435.79
    THF 444.64
    2-butanone 385.8
    n-pentanol 171.93
    sec-butanol 268.6
    n-hexane 29.47
    ethylene glycol 104.4
    NMP 367.56
    cyclohexane 40.8
    DMSO 422.55
    n-butyl acetate 262.17
    n-octanol 71.03
    chloroform 1193.19
    n-propyl acetate 154.62
    acetic acid 530.66
    dichloromethane 818.24
    cyclohexanone 374.82
    propylene glycol 155.3
    isopropyl acetate 161.78
    DMAc 415.02
    2-ethoxyethanol 203.49
    isopentanol 188.72
    n-heptane 38.68
    ethyl formate 222.71
    1,2-dichloroethane 389.44
    n-hexanol 249.71
    2-methoxyethanol 397.48
    isobutyl acetate 81.47
    tetrachloromethane 166.97
    n-pentyl acetate 102.58
    transcutol 658.18
    n-heptanol 95.41
    ethylbenzene 53.09
    MIBK 106.46
    2-propoxyethanol 311.24
    tert-butanol 254.08
    MTBE 181.47
    2-butoxyethanol 148.09
    propionic acid 459.17
    o-xylene 107.52
    formic acid 187.07
    diethyl ether 304.71
    m-xylene 106.01
    p-xylene 83.72
    chlorobenzene 250.15
    dimethyl carbonate 117.15
    n-octane 10.19
    formamide 234.85
    cyclopentanone 407.92
    2-pentanone 278.72
    anisole 126.01
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 255.31
    gamma-butyrolactone 488.27
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 294.3
    pyridine 604.73
    3-pentanone 264.14
    furfural 419.63
    n-dodecane 7.56
    diethylene glycol 206.47
    diisopropyl ether 58.66
    tert-amyl alcohol 205.0
    acetylacetone 213.71
    n-hexadecane 8.18
    acetophenone 108.15
    methyl propionate 344.82
    isopentyl acetate 157.99
    trichloroethylene 796.29
    n-nonanol 64.33
    cyclohexanol 203.2
    benzyl alcohol 117.66
    2-ethylhexanol 125.21
    isooctanol 66.37
    dipropyl ether 185.03
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 173.82
    ethyl lactate 68.01
    propylene carbonate 239.85
    n-methylformamide 346.4
    2-pentanol 186.73
    n-pentane 39.29
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 240.75
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 193.94
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 118.21
    mesitylene 51.21
    ε-caprolactone 316.47
    p-cymene 48.58
    epichlorohydrin 439.99
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 432.77
    2-aminoethanol 241.98
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 382.12
    sulfolane 338.04
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 17.01
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 407.03
    n-hexyl acetate 122.45
    isooctane 11.23
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 172.26
    sec-butyl acetate 83.56
    tert-butyl acetate 115.06
    decalin 17.66
    glycerin 171.98
    diglyme 306.79
    acrylic acid 361.08
    isopropyl myristate 43.11
    n-butyric acid 485.71
    acetyl acetate 198.66
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 45.04
    ethyl propionate 140.68
    nitromethane 683.48
    1,2-diethoxyethane 238.78
    benzonitrile 184.17
    trioctyl phosphate 31.2
    1-bromopropane 261.26
    gamma-valerolactone 491.3
    n-decanol 47.3
    triethyl phosphate 51.01
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 78.14
    propionitrile 374.17
    vinylene carbonate 266.92
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 338.82
    DMS 106.64
    cumene 36.37
    2-octanol 52.22
    2-hexanone 144.48
    octyl acetate 62.69
    limonene 76.34
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 231.33
    ethyl orthosilicate 51.06
    tributyl phosphate 41.98
    diacetone alcohol 145.04
    N,N-dimethylaniline 83.03
    acrylonitrile 417.71
    aniline 302.09
    1,3-propanediol 237.79
    bromobenzene 238.18
    dibromomethane 545.66
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 570.88
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 78.38
    tetrabutyl urea 52.84
    diisobutyl methanol 60.94
    2-phenylethanol 145.43
    styrene 79.23
    dioctyl adipate 61.39
    dimethyl sulfate 151.4
    ethyl butyrate 155.69
    methyl lactate 131.38
    butyl lactate 76.01
    diethyl carbonate 90.03
    propanediol butyl ether 99.59
    triethyl orthoformate 91.93
    p-tert-butyltoluene 45.81
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 86.01
    morpholine 680.25
    tert-butylamine 167.56
    n-dodecanol 36.86
    dimethoxymethane 237.27
    ethylene carbonate 222.37
    cyrene 90.65
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 151.3
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 127.89
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 210.04
    4-methylpyridine 422.62
    dibutyl ether 101.84
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 60.94
    DEF 337.14
    dimethyl isosorbide 164.62
    tetrachloroethylene 412.96
    eugenol 89.57
    triacetin 103.36
    span 80 108.38
    1,4-butanediol 88.52
    1,1-dichloroethane 511.16
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 131.43
    methyl formate 202.3
    2-methyl-1-butanol 199.58
    n-decane 12.84
    butyronitrile 294.77
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 73.11
    1-chlorooctane 49.11
    1-chlorotetradecane 19.35
    n-nonane 12.83
    undecane 9.5
    tert-butylcyclohexane 17.25
    cyclooctane 12.94
    cyclopentanol 223.85
    tetrahydropyran 487.6
    tert-amyl methyl ether 139.08
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 198.15
    1-hexene 105.03
    2-isopropoxyethanol 129.45
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 175.28
    methyl butyrate 169.3

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction

Botanical

Name CAS Botanical Proportion
Orris butter 8002-73-1 Iris florentina L., fam. Iridaceae 0.01%