Phenothiazine

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    92-84-2

    Molecular formula
    C12H9NS

    SMILES
    C1=CC=C2C(=C1)NC3=CC=CC=C3S2

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

    Health Hazard
    Health

    Environmental Hazard
    Environmental

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Meaty 53.89%
    Burnt 47.24%
    Roasted 42.29%
    Sulfurous 36.8%
    Cooked 34.3%
    Earthy 32.97%
    Animal 32.25%
    Fruity 30.95%
    Cheesy 30.75%
    Coffee 27.03%

     

    Flavor
    Bitter 40.59%
    Roasted 32.89%
    Animal 31.68%
    Coffee 30.48%
    Moth ball 25.06%
    Fishy 24.85%
    Naphthelene 24.69%
    Very strong 24.68%
    Indole 24.23%
    Fecal 23.42%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    4.2

    pKa est.
    5.69 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    199.27 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Melting point expt.

    • 365.9 to 366.6 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • 185.1 °C
    • 365 °F

    Boiling point

    • 700 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
    • 371 °C @ 760 MM HG
    • 371 °C
    • 700 °F

    Flash point

    • 180.35 ˚C est.
    • 202 °C

    Solubility expt.

    • less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • FREELY SOL IN BENZENE; SOL IN ETHER & IN HOT ACETIC ACID; SLIGHTLY SOL IN ALCOHOL & IN MINERAL OILS; PRACTICALLY INSOL IN PETROLEUM ETHER, CHLOROFORM
    • VERY SOL IN ACETONE
    • Water solubilty = 1.59 mg/l at 25 °C
    • Solubility in water: none
    • Insoluble

  • Synonyms

    • PHENOTHIAZINE
    • 10H-Phenothiazine
    • 92-84-2
    • Thiodiphenylamine
    • Dibenzothiazine
    • Contaverm
    • Dibenzo-1,4-thiazine
    • Fenoverm
    • Nemazine
    • Phenosan
    • Feeno
    • Phenthiazine
    • Antiverm
    • Fentiazin
    • Helmetina
    • Lethelmin
    • Padophene
    • Phenegic
    • Phenoverm
    • Phenovis
    • Phenoxur
    • Souframine
    • Vermitin
    • Orimon
    • Reconox
    • AFI-Tiazin
    • Agrazine
    • Fenotiazina
    • Nemazene
    • Nexarbol
    • Penthazine
    • Phenzeen
    • Biverm
    • Thiodiphenylamin
    • Wurm-Thional
    • Dibenzoparathiazine
    • Early bird wormer
    • Fenothiazine
    • Tiodifenilamina
    • Thiodifenylamine
    • Danikoropa
    • ENT 38
    • Phenothiazinum
    • XL-50
    • DTXSID5021126
    • GS9EX7QNU6
    • NSC-2037
    • ENT-38
    • DTXCID301126
    • CHEBI:37931
    • RefChem:57984
    • CHEBI:37932
    • CHEBI:38093
    • 202-196-5
    • 10H-Phenothiazin
    • Dibenzo-p-thiazine
    • Phenothiazine [INN]
    • MFCD00005015
    • EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 064501
    • CHEMBL828
    • MLS000069413
    • Phenothiazine (INN)
    • NCGC00091146-02
    • NCGC00091146-04
    • Phenthiazinum
    • SMR000059045
    • Fenothiazine [Dutch]
    • Caswell No. 652
    • Fenotiazina [Italian]
    • Thiodifenylamine [Dutch]
    • Phenothiazine,C12H9NS,92-84-2
    • Thiodiphenylamin [German]
    • Tiodifenilamina [Italian]
    • Fenotiazina [INN-Spanish]
    • CAS-92-84-2
    • Phenothiazinum [INN-Latin]
    • 75788-67-9
    • CCRIS 5877
    • HSDB 5279
    • NSC 2037
    • Phenothiazine [INN:NF]
    • EINECS 202-196-5
    • UNII-GS9EX7QNU6
    • Promethazine EP Impurity A
    • BRN 0143237
    • phenothiazin
    • a phenothiazine
    • AI3-00038
    • 2,3:5,6-Dibenzo-1,4-thiazine
    • Phenothiazine (Standard)
    • Phenothiazine, >=98%
    • Opera_ID_1719
    • PHENOTHIAZINE [MI]
    • EC 202-196-5
    • cid_7108
    • SCHEMBL4651
    • SCHEMBL9114
    • PHENOTHIAZINE [HSDB]
    • Nemazine [veterinary] (TN)
    • Oprea1_495637
    • SCHEMBL24088
    • SCHEMBL24828
    • SCHEMBL25458
    • SCHEMBL25692
    • 4-27-00-01214 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • MLS001424182
    • MLS002152928
    • MLS003166904
    • BIDD:GT0831
    • SCHEMBL852047
    • SCHEMBL852792
    • PHENOTHIAZINE [USP-RS]
    • PHENOTHIAZINE [WHO-DD]
    • orb1310303
    • orb3025205
    • Phenothiazine, SAJ first grade
    • SCHEMBL1335326
    • SCHEMBL1664650
    • SCHEMBL2237156
    • SCHEMBL2239233
    • SCHEMBL6315328
    • SCHEMBL17418130
    • SCHEMBL29349533
    • SCHEMBL29352248
    • HY-Y0055R
    • WLN: T C666 BM ISJ
    • NSC2037
    • 92-84-2

  • Applications

    Phenothiazine (CAS 92-84-2) is primarily used as a chemical intermediate and building block for phenothiazine-based dyes and pigments, supporting applications in textiles, printing inks, and coatings. It also serves as a precursor for phenothiazine-class pharmaceutical compounds, providing a scaffold for the synthesis of CNS-active drugs. In research and development, phenothiazine chemistry is explored for advanced materials, with derivatives used as components in organic electronic materials such as hole-transport mediators and redox-active elements. Additionally, it is employed as a starting material in the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds in specialty chemicals. Overall, its use centers on synthesis and development across industries, subject to local regulations and formulation limits.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 18.3
    methanol 9.11
    isopropanol 10.62
    water 0.0
    ethyl acetate 66.77
    n-propanol 16.83
    acetone 137.82
    n-butanol 14.67
    acetonitrile 24.5
    DMF 611.85
    toluene 54.03
    isobutanol 12.39
    1,4-dioxane 203.81
    methyl acetate 83.18
    THF 492.72
    2-butanone 124.25
    n-pentanol 18.6
    sec-butanol 11.24
    n-hexane 3.42
    ethylene glycol 4.3
    NMP 570.31
    cyclohexane 8.42
    DMSO 276.07
    n-butyl acetate 78.58
    n-octanol 23.01
    chloroform 198.78
    n-propyl acetate 65.05
    acetic acid 33.55
    dichloromethane 223.75
    cyclohexanone 259.42
    propylene glycol 8.93
    isopropyl acetate 46.02
    DMAc 417.13
    2-ethoxyethanol 39.8
    isopentanol 15.0
    n-heptane 10.25
    ethyl formate 69.76
    1,2-dichloroethane 162.45
    n-hexanol 28.48
    2-methoxyethanol 57.62
    isobutyl acetate 51.17
    tetrachloromethane 19.07
    n-pentyl acetate 62.99
    transcutol 137.73
    n-heptanol 22.47
    ethylbenzene 35.83
    MIBK 52.09
    2-propoxyethanol 59.94
    tert-butanol 15.61
    MTBE 26.83
    2-butoxyethanol 42.48
    propionic acid 34.85
    o-xylene 33.61
    formic acid 5.45
    diethyl ether 37.18
    m-xylene 32.11
    p-xylene 43.67
    chlorobenzene 94.71
    dimethyl carbonate 70.84
    n-octane 6.5
    formamide 20.22
    cyclopentanone 502.89
    2-pentanone 88.54
    anisole 80.57
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 124.67
    gamma-butyrolactone 486.14
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 40.72
    pyridine 240.13
    3-pentanone 89.09
    furfural 352.25
    n-dodecane 5.85
    diethylene glycol 36.32
    diisopropyl ether 15.81
    tert-amyl alcohol 14.82
    acetylacetone 133.79
    n-hexadecane 7.0
    acetophenone 93.94
    methyl propionate 85.93
    isopentyl acetate 66.83
    trichloroethylene 376.1
    n-nonanol 24.64
    cyclohexanol 25.03
    benzyl alcohol 52.11
    2-ethylhexanol 29.78
    isooctanol 21.54
    dipropyl ether 54.14
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 91.56
    ethyl lactate 32.89
    propylene carbonate 195.15
    n-methylformamide 108.25
    2-pentanol 11.02
    n-pentane 2.66
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 48.04
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 85.8
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 48.78
    mesitylene 22.96
    ε-caprolactone 191.21
    p-cymene 30.17
    epichlorohydrin 369.19
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 94.14
    2-aminoethanol 9.88
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 351.62
    sulfolane 515.32
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 2.7
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 172.86
    n-hexyl acetate 70.32
    isooctane 2.33
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 63.0
    sec-butyl acetate 43.01
    tert-butyl acetate 51.59
    decalin 8.17
    glycerin 15.52
    diglyme 152.78
    acrylic acid 39.51
    isopropyl myristate 36.88
    n-butyric acid 45.68
    acetyl acetate 55.54
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 36.88
    ethyl propionate 57.71
    nitromethane 126.83
    1,2-diethoxyethane 89.21
    benzonitrile 89.57
    trioctyl phosphate 27.71
    1-bromopropane 54.1
    gamma-valerolactone 462.47
    n-decanol 20.76
    triethyl phosphate 39.39
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 10.8
    propionitrile 33.4
    vinylene carbonate 177.45
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 154.48
    DMS 86.81
    cumene 25.02
    2-octanol 17.91
    2-hexanone 75.59
    octyl acetate 44.05
    limonene 40.03
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 137.0
    ethyl orthosilicate 35.99
    tributyl phosphate 32.59
    diacetone alcohol 50.1
    N,N-dimethylaniline 58.68
    acrylonitrile 60.22
    aniline 53.93
    1,3-propanediol 15.72
    bromobenzene 105.99
    dibromomethane 120.9
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 241.02
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 60.39
    tetrabutyl urea 52.51
    diisobutyl methanol 20.66
    2-phenylethanol 58.35
    styrene 47.96
    dioctyl adipate 54.59
    dimethyl sulfate 141.92
    ethyl butyrate 69.32
    methyl lactate 41.09
    butyl lactate 41.8
    diethyl carbonate 49.86
    propanediol butyl ether 34.1
    triethyl orthoformate 52.51
    p-tert-butyltoluene 27.56
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 67.17
    morpholine 180.18
    tert-butylamine 9.5
    n-dodecanol 17.95
    dimethoxymethane 175.56
    ethylene carbonate 130.22
    cyrene 91.34
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 92.86
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 61.83
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 109.91
    4-methylpyridine 169.74
    dibutyl ether 48.83
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 20.66
    DEF 144.49
    dimethyl isosorbide 135.7
    tetrachloroethylene 139.92
    eugenol 65.18
    triacetin 79.87
    span 80 46.74
    1,4-butanediol 10.2
    1,1-dichloroethane 87.16
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 18.98
    methyl formate 109.97
    2-methyl-1-butanol 13.4
    n-decane 8.87
    butyronitrile 34.3
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 23.08
    1-chlorooctane 29.57
    1-chlorotetradecane 15.22
    n-nonane 7.93
    undecane 7.04
    tert-butylcyclohexane 6.43
    cyclooctane 4.68
    cyclopentanol 45.36
    tetrahydropyran 143.1
    tert-amyl methyl ether 28.45
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 103.3
    1-hexene 16.34
    2-isopropoxyethanol 33.55
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 17.64
    methyl butyrate 81.8

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction