Pentobarbital

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    76-74-4

    Molecular formula
    C11H18N2O3

    SMILES
    CCCC(C)C1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)CC

    Safety labels

    Acute Toxic
    Acute Toxic

    Health Hazard
    Health

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Mint 38.08%
    Odorless 36.52%
    Herbal 35.8%
    Spicy 34.29%
    Cooling 32.8%
    Woody 22.1%
    Camphoreous 17.53%
    Warm 17.31%
    Sweet 16.44%
    Fresh 16.19%

     

    Flavor
    Bitter 58.71%
    Cedarleaf 21.84%
    Lovage 19.98%
    Odorless 19.37%
    Leaves 19.36%
    Basil 19.33%
    Green pepper 18.85%
    Nitrile 18.84%
    Ripe apricot 18.82%
    Broom 18.77%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    2.1

    pKa est.
    7.87 (neutral)

    Molecular weight
    226.27 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    389°C

    Melting point expt.

    • 129.5 °C
    • 130 °C

    Flash point

    • 163.8 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • 679 mg/L (at 25 °C)
    • A white, hygroscopic, crystalline powder or granules, odorless or with a slight characteristic odor, with a slightly bitter taste. Very sol in water and alcohol; practically insol in ether. A 10% soln in water has pH of 9.6 to 11 and slowly decomposes. /Pentobarbitone sodium/
    • A fine, white, odorless, crystalline powder with a slightly bitter taste. Sparingly sol in water; slightly sol in alcohol; practically insol in ether. A saturated soln in water has a pH of about 9.5. /Pentobarbital calcium/
    • Slightly soluble in water; soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether
    • Very slightly soluble in water and carbon tetrachloride; very soluble in acetone and methyl alcohol
    • 1 part in 4.5 parts alcohol; 1 part in 4 parts chloroform; 1 part in 10 parts ether
    • In water, 679 mg/L at 25 °C
    • 8.64e-01 g/L

  • Synonyms

    • pentobarbital
    • Pentobarbitone
    • Nembutal
    • Mebubarbital
    • Ethaminal
    • Mebumal
    • Pentobarbituric acid
    • Dorsital
    • Neodorm
    • Rivadorm
    • Pentobarbiturate
    • 76-74-4
    • Nebralin
    • Neodorm (new)
    • Pentabarbitone
    • Pentobarbitalum
    • Aethaminalum
    • Pentabarbital
    • 5-Ethyl-5-(sec-pentyl)barbituric acid
    • Pentobarbitale
    • 5-Ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric acid
    • Sagatal
    • 5-Ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)malonylurea
    • Pentobarbital cii
    • 5-Ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione
    • NSC 28708
    • Neodorm (VAN)
    • 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-Pyrimidinetrione, 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-
    • Pentobarbitalum [INN-Latin]
    • CCRIS 7089
    • Barbituric acid, 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-
    • Ethyl-propylmethylcarbinylbarbituric acid
    • HSDB 3151
    • Sodium pentobarbital
    • Pentobarbital calcium
    • EINECS 200-983-8
    • NSC-28708
    • (RS)-pentobarbital
    • BRN 0087067
    • CHEBI:7983
    • 5-ethyl-5-(pentan-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
    • DTXSID7023435
    • UNII-I4744080IR
    • Barbituric acid, 5-ethyl-5-(2-pentyl)-
    • CHEMBL448
    • I4744080IR
    • DTXCID003435
    • Pentobarbital [USP:INN:BAN]
    • EC 200-983-8
    • 5-24-09-00168 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • 5-Ethyl-5-(1-methyl-butyl)-pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione
    • Nembutal (VAN)
    • NCGC00096074-01
    • Pentobarbital (VAN)
    • Pentobarbitone (VAN)
    • Pentobarbitale [DCIT]
    • Pentobarbitalum (INN-Latin)
    • PENTOBARBITAL (MART.)
    • PENTOBARBITAL [MART.]
    • Pentobarbital (USP:INN:BAN)
    • 5-ethyl-5-(pentan-2-yl)-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
    • Phetobarbitone
    • PENTOBARBITAL CII (USP-RS)
    • PENTOBARBITAL CII [USP-RS]
    • PENTOBARBITAL (EP MONOGRAPH)
    • PENTOBARBITAL [EP MONOGRAPH]
    • 5-ethyl-2-hydroxy-5-(1-methylbutyl)pyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione
    • Pentobarbital (1mg/ml in Methaniol)
    • PENTOBARBITAL (USP MONOGRAPH)
    • PENTOBARBITAL [USP MONOGRAPH]
    • Pentobarbital (1mg/ml in Acetonitrile)
    • Nembutal (TN)
    • Pentobarbital [INN]
    • Pentobarbital (USP/INN)
    • Pentobarbituate
    • 5-ethyl-5-pentan-2-yl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
    • SR-01000317092
    • (+-)-5-Ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric acid
    • Continal (Salt/Mix)
    • (plusmn)-pentobarbital
    • Sedalixir (Salt/Mix)
    • Spectrum_001783
    • 57-33-0
    • Spectrum2_001991
    • Spectrum3_001783
    • Spectrum4_000574
    • Spectrum5_001705
    • PENTOBARBITAL [MI]
    • (.+/-.))-Pentobarbital
    • PENTOBARBITAL [HSDB]
    • Oprea1_143902
    • Oprea1_775730
    • SCHEMBL24966
    • BSPBio_003305
    • KBioGR_001008
    • KBioSS_002267
    • PENTOBARBITAL [VANDF]
    • DivK1c_000992
    • SPECTRUM1900006
    • SPBio_002201
    • PENTOBARBITAL [WHO-DD]
    • GTPL5480
    • SCHEMBL11114711
    • component of Emesert (Salt/Mix)
    • component of Synirin (Salt/Mix)
    • HMS503G05
    • KBio1_000992
    • KBio2_002266
    • KBio2_004834
    • KBio2_007402
    • KBio3_002807
    • N05CA01
    • NINDS_000992
    • HMS2094E21
    • HMS3713B10
    • PENTOBARBITAL [GREEN BOOK]
    • Pharmakon1600-01900006
    • PENTOBARBITAL [ORANGE BOOK]
    • NSC28708
    • Tox21_111555
    • BDBM50055935
    • CCG-39476
    • NSC760434
    • STL367899
    • Pentobarbital 0.1 mg/ml in Methanol
    • Pentobarbital 1.0 mg/ml in Methanol
    • 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-Pyrimidinetrione, 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-, (+-)-
    • AKOS000277861

  • Applications

    Pentobarbital (CAS 76-74-4) is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a short-acting sedative and anesthetic; it can act as a starting material or precursor for the synthesis of related barbiturate drugs; in analytical laboratories it serves as a reference standard for quality control and method development; and in research and development it supports medicinal chemistry programs exploring barbiturate scaffolds and derivatives.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 52.39
    methanol 78.86
    isopropanol 49.36
    water 0.48
    ethyl acetate 63.47
    n-propanol 48.32
    acetone 106.05
    n-butanol 46.65
    acetonitrile 49.27
    DMF 370.1
    toluene 23.2
    isobutanol 35.72
    1,4-dioxane 135.67
    methyl acetate 78.92
    THF 475.08
    2-butanone 90.59
    n-pentanol 31.15
    sec-butanol 39.56
    n-hexane 0.69
    ethylene glycol 26.84
    NMP 592.22
    cyclohexane 1.35
    DMSO 383.16
    n-butyl acetate 43.67
    n-octanol 7.61
    chloroform 151.47
    n-propyl acetate 30.65
    acetic acid 119.5
    dichloromethane 158.66
    cyclohexanone 210.66
    propylene glycol 49.17
    isopropyl acetate 40.97
    DMAc 258.38
    2-ethoxyethanol 50.85
    isopentanol 38.66
    n-heptane 0.47
    ethyl formate 61.02
    1,2-dichloroethane 101.79
    n-hexanol 31.65
    2-methoxyethanol 147.58
    isobutyl acetate 22.14
    tetrachloromethane 13.49
    n-pentyl acetate 27.08
    transcutol 50.04
    n-heptanol 12.08
    ethylbenzene 8.62
    MIBK 45.1
    2-propoxyethanol 97.71
    tert-butanol 53.82
    MTBE 20.14
    2-butoxyethanol 36.14
    propionic acid 90.84
    o-xylene 15.71
    formic acid 61.26
    diethyl ether 18.15
    m-xylene 18.31
    p-xylene 14.12
    chlorobenzene 56.07
    dimethyl carbonate 47.59
    n-octane 0.26
    formamide 89.47
    cyclopentanone 401.07
    2-pentanone 75.85
    anisole 25.66
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 82.98
    gamma-butyrolactone 511.48
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 121.07
    pyridine 132.34
    3-pentanone 46.29
    furfural 285.52
    n-dodecane 0.29
    diethylene glycol 86.32
    diisopropyl ether 5.1
    tert-amyl alcohol 38.61
    acetylacetone 109.35
    n-hexadecane 0.36
    acetophenone 44.57
    methyl propionate 78.13
    isopentyl acetate 42.33
    trichloroethylene 246.21
    n-nonanol 7.72
    cyclohexanol 50.1
    benzyl alcohol 43.13
    2-ethylhexanol 14.41
    isooctanol 10.06
    dipropyl ether 8.26
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 52.71
    ethyl lactate 30.05
    propylene carbonate 208.57
    n-methylformamide 148.19
    2-pentanol 25.16
    n-pentane 0.68
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 53.34
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 69.56
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 39.1
    mesitylene 10.19
    ε-caprolactone 178.63
    p-cymene 7.87
    epichlorohydrin 360.49
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 75.07
    2-aminoethanol 50.43
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 277.67
    sulfolane 611.83
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.85
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 182.63
    n-hexyl acetate 31.03
    isooctane 0.67
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 38.16
    sec-butyl acetate 22.15
    tert-butyl acetate 49.46
    decalin 1.28
    glycerin 76.78
    diglyme 65.47
    acrylic acid 96.18
    isopropyl myristate 10.58
    n-butyric acid 104.41
    acetyl acetate 49.55
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 26.28
    ethyl propionate 32.32
    nitromethane 196.59
    1,2-diethoxyethane 17.46
    benzonitrile 61.69
    trioctyl phosphate 15.97
    1-bromopropane 27.67
    gamma-valerolactone 422.87
    n-decanol 5.82
    triethyl phosphate 20.55
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 16.28
    propionitrile 43.55
    vinylene carbonate 158.54
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 174.53
    DMS 48.96
    cumene 7.28
    2-octanol 8.2
    2-hexanone 38.35
    octyl acetate 16.07
    limonene 10.37
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 81.83
    ethyl orthosilicate 16.81
    tributyl phosphate 18.3
    diacetone alcohol 88.36
    N,N-dimethylaniline 20.11
    acrylonitrile 77.63
    aniline 54.82
    1,3-propanediol 82.62
    bromobenzene 48.77
    dibromomethane 77.53
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 176.87
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 34.88
    tetrabutyl urea 26.0
    diisobutyl methanol 8.68
    2-phenylethanol 46.93
    styrene 9.89
    dioctyl adipate 22.37
    dimethyl sulfate 126.35
    ethyl butyrate 26.56
    methyl lactate 65.57
    butyl lactate 29.64
    diethyl carbonate 21.09
    propanediol butyl ether 29.08
    triethyl orthoformate 19.92
    p-tert-butyltoluene 7.66
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 47.46
    morpholine 177.73
    tert-butylamine 16.81
    n-dodecanol 4.19
    dimethoxymethane 123.9
    ethylene carbonate 121.8
    cyrene 90.31
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 41.23
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 31.75
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 76.65
    4-methylpyridine 132.62
    dibutyl ether 5.15
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 8.68
    DEF 94.12
    dimethyl isosorbide 106.8
    tetrachloroethylene 80.86
    eugenol 47.87
    triacetin 38.07
    span 80 38.43
    1,4-butanediol 29.17
    1,1-dichloroethane 77.91
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 30.4
    methyl formate 112.59
    2-methyl-1-butanol 35.59
    n-decane 0.44
    butyronitrile 47.05
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 9.75
    1-chlorooctane 3.83
    1-chlorotetradecane 1.65
    n-nonane 0.34
    undecane 0.35
    tert-butylcyclohexane 1.18
    cyclooctane 0.43
    cyclopentanol 100.89
    tetrahydropyran 94.39
    tert-amyl methyl ether 20.09
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 52.2
    1-hexene 4.5
    2-isopropoxyethanol 34.71
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 55.66
    methyl butyrate 47.09

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction