Patulin

Overview IFRA Request a quote

  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    149-29-1

    Molecular formula
    C7H6O4

    SMILES
    C1C=C2C(=CC(=O)O2)C(O1)O

    Safety labels

    Acute Toxic
    Acute Toxic

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Sweet 51.98%
    Spicy 40.65%
    Nutty 38.51%
    Coumarinic 33.96%
    Coconut 32.9%
    Odorless 28.63%
    Burnt 27.36%
    Herbal 26.22%
    Caramellic 24.67%
    Roasted 22.57%

     

    Flavor
    Bitter 62.3%
    Cotton candy 19.36%
    Seedy 19.19%
    Extremely sweet 19.13%
    Fenugreek 18.89%
    Shrimp 18.89%
    Lovage 18.88%
    Maple syrup 18.68%
    Taco 18.56%
    Sweet-like 18.51%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -1.0

    pKa est.
    7.39 (neutral)

    Molecular weight
    154.12 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    312°C

    Melting point expt.

    • 111.0 °C
    • 111 °C

    Flash point

    • 181.82 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • Soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, benzene, and ethyl or amyl acetate
    • Soluble in common organic solvents; insoluble in petroleum ether
    • Soluble in water

  • Synonyms

    • patulin
    • 149-29-1
    • Clavacin
    • Clavatin
    • Expansin
    • Patuline
    • Expansine
    • Claviform
    • Claviformin
    • Clairformin
    • Leucopin
    • Terinin
    • Gigantin
    • Mycoin
    • Mycoin C3
    • Penicidin
    • Tercinin
    • Mycoine C3
    • Mycosin
    • Penatin
    • Mycoin C
    • 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2(6H)-one
    • 4H-Furo[3,2-c]pyran-2(6H)-one, 4-hydroxy-
    • 4-hydroxy-4,6-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-one
    • NSC 8120
    • NSC 32951
    • Sch-351633
    • 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-C)pyran-2(6H)-one
    • CCRIS 4940
    • Clavicin
    • Clavitin
    • Expansion
    • HSDB 3522
    • Gigantic acid?
    • 4,6-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-2H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2-one
    • (2,4-Dihydroxy-2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid, 3,4-lactone
    • EINECS 205-735-2
    • UNII-95X2BV4W8R
    • MFCD00005858
    • SCH 351633
    • 4H-Furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one, 4-hydroxy-
    • BRN 0149675
    • 95X2BV4W8R
    • (2,4-Dihydroxy-2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid-3,4-lactone
    • CHEBI:74926
    • DL-PATULIN
    • NSC8120
    • Acetic acid, (2,4-dihydroxy-2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)-, 3,4-lactone
    • Antibiotic YS 1649
    • NSC-8120
    • NSC32951
    • PATULIN [HSDB]
    • PATULIN [IARC]
    • PATULIN [MI]
    • NSC-32951
    • 4H-Furo(3,3-c)pyran-2(6H)-one, 4-hydroxy-
    • Antibiotic Sch 351633
    • 4,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2-one
    • CHEMBL294018
    • DTXSID2021101
    • 4-Hydroxy-4,6-dihydrofuro[4,5-c]pyran-2-one
    • 2,4-Dihydroxy-2H-pyran-delta-3(6H),alpha-acetic acid-3,4-lactone
    • 5-18-03-00005 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • 2H-Pyran-delta(sup 3(6H),alpha)-acetic acid, 2,4-dihydroxy-, 3,4-lactone
    • Patulin 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
    • YS 1649
    • PATULIN (IARC)
    • (2, 3,4-lactone
    • 4-Hydroxy-4H-Furo(3,3-c)pyran-2(6H)-one
    • 4-hydroxy-2H,4H,6H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2-one
    • 4H-Furo[3, 4-hydroxy-
    • 247172-18-5
    • 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2(6H)-one, 9CI, 8CI
    • (+/-)-4-HYDROXY-4H-FURO(3,2-C)PYRAN-2(6H)-ONE
    • 2,.alpha.-acetic acid, 3,4-lactone
    • 2,4-Dihydroxy-2H-pyran-.delta.-3(6H),.alpha.-acetic acid, 3,4-lactone
    • 2H-Pyran-.delta.(3(6H),.alpha.)-acetic acid, 2,4-dihydroxy-,3,4-lactone
    • WLN: T56 BOV GO IU & TJ FQ
    • 4-hydroxy-2H,4H,6H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2-one
    • 4-hydroxy-4,6-dihydrofuro(3,2-c)pyran-2-one
    • 4-Hydroxy-4,6-dihydrofuro(4,5-c)pyran-2-one
    • SR-05000002238
    • 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one, 9CI, 8CI
    • 2H-Pyran-.delta.(sup 3(6H), 2,4-dihydroxy-, 3,4-lactone
    • Acetic acid,4-dihydroxy-2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)-, 3,4-lactone
    • Clavacin; Expansin
    • Patulin (Standard)
    • 520 - Patulin
    • Spectrum_000015
    • starbld0009637
    • Spectrum3_000796
    • Spectrum4_000753
    • Spectrum5_001659
    • PATULIN 13C3
    • Patulin, reference material
    • Neuro_000008
    • Clairformin;Patuline;Clavatin
    • SCHEMBL29056
    • BSPBio_002532
    • KBioGR_001106
    • KBioSS_000355
    • DivK1c_000438
    • SPECTRUM1503904
    • DTXCID701101
    • MEGxm0_000442
    • ACon1_002106
    • HMS501F20
    • HY-N6779R
    • KBio1_000438
    • KBio2_000355
    • KBio2_002923
    • KBio2_005491
    • KBio3_001752
    • Patulin from Penicillium expansum
    • MSK7008
    • NINDS_000438
    • HMS1923M19
    • Patulin, >=98.0% (HPLC)
    • BCP29227
    • EX-A5478
    • HY-N6779
    • YEB13369
    • BDBM50158841
    • MSK7008-100A
    • SCH351633
    • 4Hydroxy4Hfuro(3,2c)pyran2(6H)one
    • AKOS015904103
    • BS-1260

  • Applications

    Patulin (CAS 149-29-1) is a mycotoxin primarily found in moldy fruit and fruit-derived products. In practice, its applications are mainly in analytical chemistry and food safety: serving as a reference analytical standard for detection and quantification of patulin in fruit juices and related products; supporting toxicology research and risk assessment; aiding method development, validation, and proficiency testing in food-safety laboratories; and providing educational material for training and hands-on practice in analytical workflows. These uses are pursued under local regulations and help manage mycotoxin contamination in the food supply.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 13.23
    methanol 33.02
    isopropanol 15.42
    water 11.69
    ethyl acetate 24.64
    n-propanol 10.31
    acetone 61.68
    n-butanol 9.47
    acetonitrile 55.43
    DMF 284.39
    toluene 3.9
    isobutanol 8.33
    1,4-dioxane 61.05
    methyl acetate 37.14
    THF 70.84
    2-butanone 27.7
    n-pentanol 9.28
    sec-butanol 9.34
    n-hexane 0.33
    ethylene glycol 40.37
    NMP 139.28
    cyclohexane 0.46
    DMSO 306.27
    n-butyl acetate 12.87
    n-octanol 10.4
    chloroform 13.19
    n-propyl acetate 17.07
    acetic acid 30.28
    dichloromethane 20.02
    cyclohexanone 31.22
    propylene glycol 15.18
    isopropyl acetate 16.25
    DMAc 220.41
    2-ethoxyethanol 75.41
    isopentanol 12.53
    n-heptane 0.78
    ethyl formate 27.71
    1,2-dichloroethane 17.67
    n-hexanol 9.2
    2-methoxyethanol 126.51
    isobutyl acetate 9.27
    tetrachloromethane 2.98
    n-pentyl acetate 10.04
    transcutol 129.24
    n-heptanol 7.98
    ethylbenzene 3.19
    MIBK 20.81
    2-propoxyethanol 49.07
    tert-butanol 28.27
    MTBE 9.48
    2-butoxyethanol 27.07
    propionic acid 17.25
    o-xylene 5.24
    formic acid 67.33
    diethyl ether 11.25
    m-xylene 4.95
    p-xylene 5.19
    chlorobenzene 6.49
    dimethyl carbonate 41.27
    n-octane 0.53
    formamide 136.48
    cyclopentanone 53.45
    2-pentanone 23.79
    anisole 20.88
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 20.5
    gamma-butyrolactone 73.46
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 73.77
    pyridine 27.99
    3-pentanone 18.19
    furfural 81.37
    n-dodecane 0.76
    diethylene glycol 91.98
    diisopropyl ether 4.68
    tert-amyl alcohol 15.92
    acetylacetone 49.21
    n-hexadecane 0.88
    acetophenone 24.83
    methyl propionate 30.37
    isopentyl acetate 12.71
    trichloroethylene 28.22
    n-nonanol 10.25
    cyclohexanol 9.97
    benzyl alcohol 20.24
    2-ethylhexanol 7.42
    isooctanol 7.4
    dipropyl ether 9.82
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 9.07
    ethyl lactate 21.85
    propylene carbonate 27.71
    n-methylformamide 111.03
    2-pentanol 7.83
    n-pentane 0.31
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 28.67
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 26.54
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 40.54
    mesitylene 4.24
    ε-caprolactone 27.77
    p-cymene 4.38
    epichlorohydrin 66.82
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 10.27
    2-aminoethanol 29.25
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 148.65
    sulfolane 96.21
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.35
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 25.5
    n-hexyl acetate 14.69
    isooctane 0.41
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 47.85
    sec-butyl acetate 10.79
    tert-butyl acetate 19.33
    decalin 0.62
    glycerin 53.52
    diglyme 94.44
    acrylic acid 23.86
    isopropyl myristate 9.12
    n-butyric acid 16.81
    acetyl acetate 20.35
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 11.07
    ethyl propionate 19.71
    nitromethane 158.99
    1,2-diethoxyethane 26.31
    benzonitrile 19.8
    trioctyl phosphate 8.61
    1-bromopropane 5.2
    gamma-valerolactone 91.44
    n-decanol 8.36
    triethyl phosphate 12.63
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 8.12
    propionitrile 23.68
    vinylene carbonate 30.48
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 56.87
    DMS 20.31
    cumene 3.13
    2-octanol 6.22
    2-hexanone 17.15
    octyl acetate 11.42
    limonene 4.99
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 116.54
    ethyl orthosilicate 10.66
    tributyl phosphate 9.98
    diacetone alcohol 39.57
    N,N-dimethylaniline 17.84
    acrylonitrile 43.3
    aniline 12.96
    1,3-propanediol 38.44
    bromobenzene 5.57
    dibromomethane 9.18
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 21.84
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 12.57
    tetrabutyl urea 17.69
    diisobutyl methanol 6.72
    2-phenylethanol 16.47
    styrene 3.93
    dioctyl adipate 13.76
    dimethyl sulfate 82.78
    ethyl butyrate 14.79
    methyl lactate 37.88
    butyl lactate 13.02
    diethyl carbonate 13.12
    propanediol butyl ether 28.27
    triethyl orthoformate 13.12
    p-tert-butyltoluene 4.34
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 23.43
    morpholine 59.79
    tert-butylamine 9.12
    n-dodecanol 6.83
    dimethoxymethane 128.87
    ethylene carbonate 25.0
    cyrene 42.58
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 17.89
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 9.27
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 11.79
    4-methylpyridine 27.58
    dibutyl ether 9.29
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 6.72
    DEF 50.96
    dimethyl isosorbide 58.9
    tetrachloroethylene 13.89
    eugenol 28.95
    triacetin 22.35
    span 80 21.18
    1,4-butanediol 22.86
    1,1-dichloroethane 10.81
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 9.76
    methyl formate 95.68
    2-methyl-1-butanol 8.85
    n-decane 1.03
    butyronitrile 17.58
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 10.08
    1-chlorooctane 4.18
    1-chlorotetradecane 2.51
    n-nonane 0.85
    undecane 0.87
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.58
    cyclooctane 0.34
    cyclopentanol 14.15
    tetrahydropyran 16.32
    tert-amyl methyl ether 9.85
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 77.43
    1-hexene 1.43
    2-isopropoxyethanol 40.6
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 36.04
    methyl butyrate 24.47

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction