Nitrous Oxide

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    10024-97-2

    Molecular formula
    N2O

    SMILES
    [N-]=[N+]=O

    Safety labels

    Oxidizer
    Oxidizer

    Compressed Gas
    Compressed Gas

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 92.3%
    Pungent 27.39%
    Sharp 20.82%
    Burnt 18.31%
    Sour 17.82%
    Bitter 14.03%
    Ethereal 10.39%
    Aromatic 9.93%
    Clean 9.69%
    Caramellic 9.61%

     

    Flavor
    Bitter 59.72%
    Odorless 58.05%
    Mustard 32.51%
    Pungent 32.14%
    Sulfur 25.61%
    Formyl 25.46%
    Vinegar 22.7%
    Rotten 22.65%
    Nitrile 19.44%
    Mousy 19.13%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    0.5

    pKa est.
    2.98 (strong acid)

    Molecular weight
    44.013 g/mol

    Melting point expt.

    • -131.5 °F (USCG, 1999)
    • -132 °F (NIOSH, 2024)
    • -90.81 °C
    • -90.8 °C
    • -90.6 °C
    • 132 °F
    • -132 °F

    Boiling point

    • -129.1 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)
    • -127 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)
    • -88.46 °C
    • -88.48 °C
    • -88.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
    • -88.5 °C
    • -127 °F

    Flash point

    • 61.87 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • 0.1 % at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)
    • 0.1 % at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)
    • Slightly soluble in water
    • At 20 °C and 2 atm one liter of the gas dissolves in 1.5 liters of water
    • 130 mL/100 mL water at 0 °C, 56.7 mL/100 mL water at 25 °C
    • Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether
    • Soluble in alcohol, ether, oils; freely soluble in sulfuric acid
    • Solubility in water, g/l at 20 °C: 1.2
    • (77 °F): 0.1%

  • Synonyms

    • nitrous oxide
    • Laughing gas
    • Dinitrogen oxide
    • Dinitrogen monoxide
    • Factitious air
    • nitrogen protoxide
    • Nitrogen oxide (N2O)
    • 10024-97-2
    • Nitrogen hypoxide
    • Hyponitrous acid anhydride
    • Stickdioxyd
    • oxyde nitreux
    • Oxido nitroso
    • Gas, Laughing
    • protoxyde d'azote
    • Lachgas
    • gaz hilarant
    • Nitrous oxide, compressed
    • Oxide, Nitrous
    • Nitrous oxide [JAN]
    • Diazyne 1-oxide
    • Distickstoffmonoxid
    • FEMA No. 2779
    • Stickstoff(I)-oxid
    • nitrogenium oxydulatum
    • Nitrous oxide, refrigerated liquid
    • Nitrogenum oxygenatum
    • N2O
    • Nitrous oxide (TN)
    • Protoxide of nitrogen
    • oxidodinitrogen(N--N)
    • CCRIS 1225
    • HSDB 504
    • Nitrious oxide
    • Dinitrogenii oxidum
    • EINECS 233-032-0
    • Nitrogen oxide (n(sub 2)o)
    • Nitrous oxide [Anaesthetics, volatile]
    • UNII-K50XQU1029
    • INS NO.942
    • Nitrous-15N2 oxide
    • CHEBI:17045
    • INS-942
    • K50XQU1029
    • Nitrous oxide [USP:JAN]
    • E942
    • DTXSID8021066
    • E-942
    • EC 233-032-0
    • R-744A
    • Stickdioxyd [German]
    • Nitrous oxide (USP:JAN)
    • Oxido nitroso [Spanish]
    • NITROUS OXIDE (MART.)
    • NITROUS OXIDE [MART.]
    • Protoxyde d'azote [French]
    • NITROUS OXIDE (EP IMPURITY)
    • NITROUS OXIDE [EP IMPURITY]
    • NITROUS OXIDE (EP MONOGRAPH)
    • NITROUS OXIDE [EP MONOGRAPH]
    • NITROUS OXIDE (USP MONOGRAPH)
    • NITROUS OXIDE [USP MONOGRAPH]
    • NNO
    • NITROUS-OXIDE
    • UN1070
    • UN2201
    • Nitrous oxide (JP15/USP)
    • Azoto protossido
    • Nitroux Oxide
    • Nitrous oxide [UN1070] [Nonflammable gas]
    • Nitrous Oxide Sedara
    • Diazyne 1-oxide #
    • Nitrous Oxide, USP
    • Oxydum nitrosum (Latin)
    • Nitrogenii oxidium (Latin)
    • NITROUS OXIDE [MI]
    • NITROUS OXIDE [FCC]
    • Nitrous oxide, JAN, USAN
    • NITROUS OXIDE [FHFI]
    • NITROUS OXIDE [HSDB]
    • Nitrous oxide (JP18/USP)
    • Nitrogenii monoxidium (Latin)
    • NITROUS OXIDE [VANDF]
    • Nitrogenium oxydulatum (Latin)
    • DTXCID301066
    • N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-3-piperidinamine ethanedioate
    • NITROUS OXIDE [WHO-DD]
    • CHEMBL1234579
    • FEMA 2779
    • DINITROGEN OXIDE [WHO-IP]
    • NITROUS OXIDE [GREEN BOOK]
    • NITROUS OXIDE, (COMPRESSED)
    • AKOS015903682
    • DB06690
    • UN 1070
    • UN 2201
    • 100240-04-8
    • DINITROGENII OXIDUM [WHO-IP LATIN]
    • NS00013894
    • Nitrous oxide [UN1070] [Nonflammable gas]
    • C00887
    • D00102
    • Q905750
    • Nitrous oxide, refrigerated liquid [UN2201] [Nonflammable gas]
    • 233-032-0

  • Applications

    Nitrous oxide (N2O, CAS 10024-97-2) is widely used as an aerosol propellant for food products such as whipped cream and other culinary aerosols; it can serve as a processing gas or mild oxidizer in specialty chemical syntheses. In automotive applications, it is used in performance systems to provide extra oxygen for combustion and boost engine power. In industrial settings, it can function as a mild oxidizer or processing gas in niche reactions, and it is also used as a laboratory gas for certain analytical and experimental applications, all subject to local regulations and formulation limits.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 55.4
    methanol 102.59
    isopropanol 41.33
    water 25.15
    ethyl acetate 35.02
    n-propanol 39.63
    acetone 119.23
    n-butanol 32.67
    acetonitrile 123.73
    DMF 370.54
    toluene 9.53
    isobutanol 29.79
    1,4-dioxane 73.37
    methyl acetate 66.07
    THF 79.08
    2-butanone 70.95
    n-pentanol 27.72
    sec-butanol 33.32
    n-hexane 3.89
    ethylene glycol 47.98
    NMP 244.93
    cyclohexane 6.55
    DMSO 420.16
    n-butyl acetate 21.18
    n-octanol 15.72
    chloroform 15.24
    n-propyl acetate 25.86
    acetic acid 71.24
    dichloromethane 29.6
    cyclohexanone 54.27
    propylene glycol 26.61
    isopropyl acetate 19.17
    DMAc 312.66
    2-ethoxyethanol 65.71
    isopentanol 29.69
    n-heptane 5.47
    ethyl formate 35.21
    1,2-dichloroethane 36.24
    n-hexanol 17.17
    2-methoxyethanol 104.35
    isobutyl acetate 13.43
    tetrachloromethane 4.93
    n-pentyl acetate 14.8
    transcutol 130.55
    n-heptanol 10.47
    ethylbenzene 6.86
    MIBK 24.94
    2-propoxyethanol 38.48
    tert-butanol 55.18
    MTBE 39.58
    2-butoxyethanol 24.68
    propionic acid 46.15
    o-xylene 13.89
    formic acid 68.92
    diethyl ether 41.32
    m-xylene 9.04
    p-xylene 9.5
    chlorobenzene 11.74
    dimethyl carbonate 34.56
    n-octane 2.37
    formamide 115.83
    cyclopentanone 68.63
    2-pentanone 41.6
    anisole 24.1
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 34.39
    gamma-butyrolactone 74.48
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 61.74
    pyridine 51.51
    3-pentanone 42.02
    furfural 74.37
    n-dodecane 2.49
    diethylene glycol 51.67
    diisopropyl ether 12.89
    tert-amyl alcohol 41.42
    acetylacetone 44.41
    n-hexadecane 2.65
    acetophenone 29.47
    methyl propionate 46.39
    isopentyl acetate 17.68
    trichloroethylene 36.15
    n-nonanol 13.97
    cyclohexanol 27.03
    benzyl alcohol 22.99
    2-ethylhexanol 13.08
    isooctanol 9.25
    dipropyl ether 20.76
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 13.65
    ethyl lactate 20.22
    propylene carbonate 32.32
    n-methylformamide 137.89
    2-pentanol 24.4
    n-pentane 5.76
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 30.25
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 25.43
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 41.67
    mesitylene 7.8
    ε-caprolactone 43.72
    p-cymene 8.2
    epichlorohydrin 62.39
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 15.87
    2-aminoethanol 48.51
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 159.45
    sulfolane 126.9
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 3.75
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 53.02
    n-hexyl acetate 20.64
    isooctane 2.52
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 44.12
    sec-butyl acetate 14.35
    tert-butyl acetate 21.1
    decalin 3.39
    glycerin 47.18
    diglyme 92.11
    acrylic acid 52.26
    isopropyl myristate 11.11
    n-butyric acid 32.58
    acetyl acetate 20.63
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 12.77
    ethyl propionate 24.55
    nitromethane 172.45
    1,2-diethoxyethane 38.87
    benzonitrile 27.39
    trioctyl phosphate 10.17
    1-bromopropane 20.58
    gamma-valerolactone 88.24
    n-decanol 11.75
    triethyl phosphate 14.81
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 14.92
    propionitrile 56.4
    vinylene carbonate 32.07
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 54.61
    DMS 26.75
    cumene 6.68
    2-octanol 9.01
    2-hexanone 30.62
    octyl acetate 14.33
    limonene 12.86
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 104.73
    ethyl orthosilicate 13.23
    tributyl phosphate 12.74
    diacetone alcohol 36.7
    N,N-dimethylaniline 28.12
    acrylonitrile 76.33
    aniline 21.5
    1,3-propanediol 48.28
    bromobenzene 8.72
    dibromomethane 18.9
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 31.29
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 15.79
    tetrabutyl urea 24.47
    diisobutyl methanol 11.03
    2-phenylethanol 16.98
    styrene 9.05
    dioctyl adipate 18.91
    dimethyl sulfate 71.07
    ethyl butyrate 20.58
    methyl lactate 37.32
    butyl lactate 16.39
    diethyl carbonate 16.45
    propanediol butyl ether 30.11
    triethyl orthoformate 17.54
    p-tert-butyltoluene 7.89
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 26.78
    morpholine 89.52
    tert-butylamine 31.84
    n-dodecanol 10.13
    dimethoxymethane 98.8
    ethylene carbonate 26.88
    cyrene 37.75
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 24.45
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 14.35
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 17.65
    4-methylpyridine 45.76
    dibutyl ether 17.53
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 11.03
    DEF 92.69
    dimethyl isosorbide 50.04
    tetrachloroethylene 21.84
    eugenol 27.78
    triacetin 28.92
    span 80 26.06
    1,4-butanediol 29.87
    1,1-dichloroethane 21.87
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 24.9
    methyl formate 91.47
    2-methyl-1-butanol 29.08
    n-decane 3.28
    butyronitrile 39.09
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 15.36
    1-chlorooctane 8.57
    1-chlorotetradecane 5.11
    n-nonane 3.19
    undecane 2.81
    tert-butylcyclohexane 3.05
    cyclooctane 2.78
    cyclopentanol 31.91
    tetrahydropyran 45.04
    tert-amyl methyl ether 34.43
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 73.0
    1-hexene 9.74
    2-isopropoxyethanol 40.14
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 38.65
    methyl butyrate 33.68

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction