Maltol

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    118-71-8

    Molecular formula
    C6H6O3

    SMILES
    CC1=C(C(=O)C=CO1)O

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

    Retention indicies (RI)

    • DB5: 1109.5
    • Carbowax: 2030.0

  • Odor profile

    Sweet 90.37%
    Fruity 89.16%
    Caramellic 87.31%
    Strawberry 61.5%
    Burnt 58.38%
    Berry 54.99%
    Tropical 34.85%
    Coffee 27.27%
    Vanilla 25.92%
    Pineapple 24.31%

    Scent© AI

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    0.4

    Molecular weight
    126.11 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Very slow

    Melting point expt.

    • 324 to 327 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • 161.5 °C
    • 161 - 162 °C

    Boiling point

    • 199 °F at 760 mmHg (Sublimes) (NTP, 1992)
    • Sublimes at 93 °C

    Flash point est.
    100.21 ˚C

    Solubility expt.

    • 1 to 10 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • In water, 10900 mg/L at 15 °C
    • One gram dissolves in 82 mL water, 80 mL glycerin, 21 mL alcohol, 28 mL propylene glycol; Freely soluble in hot water, chloroform; sparingly soluble in benzene, ether, petroleum ether; soluble in alkali hydroxides giving yellow solutions
    • 10.9 mg/mL at 15 °C
    • Sparingly soluble in water, soluble in propylene glycol
    • Soluble (in ethanol)

  • Synonyms

    • MALTOL
    • 118-71-8
    • 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone
    • 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one
    • Larixinic acid
    • Palatone
    • Talmon
    • Larixic acid
    • Vetol
    • Veltol
    • Corps praline
    • 4H-Pyran-4-one, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-
    • 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyran-4-one
    • 2-Methyl pyromeconic acid
    • 2-Methylpyromeconic acid
    • 2-Methyl-3-hydroxypyrone
    • 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyrone
    • Maltol (natural)
    • 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-gamma-pyrone
    • 2-Methyl-3-oxy-gamma-pyrone
    • FEMA No. 2656
    • MFCD00006578
    • 3-Hydroxy-2-methylpyrone
    • 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-pyran-4-one
    • Maltol [NF]
    • NSC 2829
    • CCRIS 3467
    • Ins no.636
    • NSC-2829
    • EINECS 204-271-8
    • Ins-636
    • UNII-3A9RD92BS4
    • NSC-404458
    • BRN 0112169
    • 3A9RD92BS4
    • 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyranone
    • 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyranone
    • DTXSID0025523
    • CHEBI:69438
    • AI3-18547
    • NSC2829
    • 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-pyrone
    • MALTOL [FHFI]
    • MALTOL [FCC]
    • 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-.gamma.-pyrone
    • MALTOL [II]
    • MALTOL [MI]
    • MALTOL [USP-RS]
    • MALTOL [MART.]
    • MLS000069412
    • DTXCID305523
    • E-636
    • HSDB 8320
    • 5-18-01-00114 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one
    • 5-Hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one
    • Maltol (3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone)
    • E636
    • SMR000059093
    • MALTOL (USP-RS)
    • MALTOL (II)
    • MALTOL (MART.)
    • WLN: T6O DVJ B1 CQ
    • CAS-118-71-8
    • methyl maltol
    • Laricinic acid
    • Laxarinic Acid
    • Maltol (Standard)
    • 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone; 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-pyran-4-one; Maltol; Deferiprone Impurity B
    • 2Methyl3hydroxypyrone
    • 2Methyl3oxygammapyrone
    • 2Methyl3hydroxy4pyrone
    • 2Methylpyromeconic acid
    • 3Hydroxy2methyl4pyrone
    • Spectrum_001419
    • Opera_ID_338
    • SpecPlus_000443
    • 2Methyl pyromeconic acid
    • 2Methyl3hydroxypyran4one
    • 3Hydroxy2methyl4pyranone
    • MALTOL [INCI]
    • Spectrum2_001795
    • Spectrum3_001351
    • Spectrum4_001871
    • Spectrum5_000462
    • 3Hydroxy2methylgammapyrone
    • bmse000538
    • 3Hydroxy2methyl4Hpyran4one
    • Maltol, analytical standard
    • SCHEMBL4815
    • 3-Hydroxy-2-pyran-4-one
    • BSPBio_003161
    • KBioGR_002365
    • KBioSS_001899
    • SPECTRUM310025
    • MLS001424145
    • MLS002415738
    • 3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-g-pyrone
    • CHEMBL31422
    • DivK1c_006539
    • 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyr-4-one
    • 4HPyran4one, 3hydroxy2methyl
    • SPBio_001749
    • INS No. 636
    • QSPL 180
    • 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyran-4-one
    • 2-Methyl-3-oxy-.gamma.-pyrone
    • 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxopyrane
    • 3-hydroxyl-2-methyl-4-pyranone
    • FEMA 2656
    • KBio1_001483
    • KBio2_001899
    • KBio2_004467
    • KBio2_007035
    • KBio3_002381
    • XPCTZQVDEJYUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-
    • 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-gamma -pyrone
    • HMS2052K09
    • HMS3394K09
    • KUC106764N
    • HY-W012788R
    • STR01642
    • Tox21_202215
    • Tox21_300118
    • BBL011669
    • BDBM50227434
    • CCG-38443
    • Maltol, natural, >=98.5%, FG

  • Applications

    Maltol (CAS 118-71-8) is a naturally occurring aroma compound with mild sweetness and a caramel-grain note, widely used as a flavor and sweetness enhancer in confectionery, baked goods, condensed milk, instant coffee, beverages, seasonings and sauces; in tobacco and essential-oil blends to smooth harsh notes and mask bitterness; in cosmetics and perfumes to provide warm sugary facets; in pharmaceuticals both as a palatability agent and as a chelating ligand for iron or aluminum that increases drug solubility and stability; in biomaterials research as an antioxidant, polymer stabilizer and edible film component; and, thanks to its free-radical scavenging ability and good membrane permeability, it is also studied for anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and iron-fortification applications, highlighting the broad potential of this small yet highly versatile molecule.

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 36.05
    methanol 66.08
    isopropanol 25.44
    water 7.02
    ethyl acetate 28.92
    n-propanol 27.88
    acetone 39.82
    n-butanol 22.98
    acetonitrile 36.5
    DMF 145.58
    toluene 6.06
    isobutanol 21.23
    1,4-dioxane 79.52
    methyl acetate 42.92
    THF 125.57
    2-butanone 37.53
    n-pentanol 25.55
    sec-butanol 23.15
    n-hexane 1.77
    ethylene glycol 30.51
    NMP 108.38
    cyclohexane 1.56
    DMSO 256.18
    n-butyl acetate 22.96
    n-octanol 13.13
    chloroform 15.11
    n-propyl acetate 24.38
    acetic acid 47.61
    dichloromethane 32.24
    cyclohexanone 42.33
    propylene glycol 14.46
    isopropyl acetate 18.73
    DMAc 126.8
    2-ethoxyethanol 89.73
    isopentanol 26.25
    n-heptane 2.8
    ethyl formate 34.07
    1,2-dichloroethane 36.68
    n-hexanol 18.92
    2-methoxyethanol 114.06
    isobutyl acetate 12.8
    tetrachloromethane 4.59
    n-pentyl acetate 19.53
    transcutol 176.95
    n-heptanol 13.39
    ethylbenzene 5.86
    MIBK 28.97
    2-propoxyethanol 52.11
    tert-butanol 55.06
    MTBE 37.45
    2-butoxyethanol 33.66
    propionic acid 28.67
    o-xylene 10.18
    formic acid 79.67
    diethyl ether 31.41
    m-xylene 7.53
    p-xylene 8.41
    chlorobenzene 10.14
    dimethyl carbonate 21.8
    n-octane 1.37
    formamide 147.23
    cyclopentanone 61.34
    2-pentanone 32.4
    anisole 28.81
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 38.04
    gamma-butyrolactone 87.64
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 61.86
    pyridine 31.63
    3-pentanone 27.1
    furfural 91.42
    n-dodecane 1.21
    diethylene glycol 62.28
    diisopropyl ether 10.8
    tert-amyl alcohol 45.62
    acetylacetone 39.18
    n-hexadecane 1.34
    acetophenone 29.35
    methyl propionate 31.82
    isopentyl acetate 21.72
    trichloroethylene 40.2
    n-nonanol 12.69
    cyclohexanol 19.87
    benzyl alcohol 23.64
    2-ethylhexanol 14.53
    isooctanol 12.29
    dipropyl ether 19.96
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 13.78
    ethyl lactate 18.87
    propylene carbonate 35.38
    n-methylformamide 84.1
    2-pentanol 17.58
    n-pentane 1.95
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 34.93
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 31.14
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 48.88
    mesitylene 7.02
    ε-caprolactone 43.84
    p-cymene 8.1
    epichlorohydrin 102.46
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 15.54
    2-aminoethanol 36.95
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 125.91
    sulfolane 133.32
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 2.45
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 61.03
    n-hexyl acetate 23.94
    isooctane 1.85
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 58.83
    sec-butyl acetate 15.29
    tert-butyl acetate 31.38
    decalin 1.94
    glycerin 40.95
    diglyme 112.51
    acrylic acid 29.98
    isopropyl myristate 12.17
    n-butyric acid 28.55
    acetyl acetate 16.29
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 13.67
    ethyl propionate 22.18
    nitromethane 117.01
    1,2-diethoxyethane 50.03
    benzonitrile 22.72
    trioctyl phosphate 10.52
    1-bromopropane 15.57
    gamma-valerolactone 96.1
    n-decanol 10.1
    triethyl phosphate 17.53
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 14.8
    propionitrile 27.78
    vinylene carbonate 31.9
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 57.01
    DMS 25.94
    cumene 6.32
    2-octanol 10.3
    2-hexanone 29.05
    octyl acetate 14.98
    limonene 11.54
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 116.59
    ethyl orthosilicate 17.13
    tributyl phosphate 13.99
    diacetone alcohol 48.47
    N,N-dimethylaniline 24.27
    acrylonitrile 37.96
    aniline 17.2
    1,3-propanediol 48.64
    bromobenzene 7.72
    dibromomethane 18.29
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 30.43
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 21.08
    tetrabutyl urea 19.94
    diisobutyl methanol 12.27
    2-phenylethanol 21.24
    styrene 6.75
    dioctyl adipate 20.11
    dimethyl sulfate 50.11
    ethyl butyrate 22.71
    methyl lactate 25.85
    butyl lactate 18.44
    diethyl carbonate 17.04
    propanediol butyl ether 28.44
    triethyl orthoformate 20.5
    p-tert-butyltoluene 7.71
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 32.08
    morpholine 81.74
    tert-butylamine 29.03
    n-dodecanol 8.11
    dimethoxymethane 95.87
    ethylene carbonate 26.8
    cyrene 50.68
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 35.08
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 17.2
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 17.07
    4-methylpyridine 30.61
    dibutyl ether 16.93
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 12.27
    DEF 51.61
    dimethyl isosorbide 82.77
    tetrachloroethylene 23.61
    eugenol 34.65
    triacetin 32.73
    span 80 29.09
    1,4-butanediol 26.97
    1,1-dichloroethane 17.49
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 24.23
    methyl formate 65.41
    2-methyl-1-butanol 22.54
    n-decane 1.86
    butyronitrile 25.5
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 14.85
    1-chlorooctane 7.0
    1-chlorotetradecane 3.42
    n-nonane 1.68
    undecane 1.46
    tert-butylcyclohexane 2.21
    cyclooctane 0.99
    cyclopentanol 27.76
    tetrahydropyran 38.67
    tert-amyl methyl ether 33.66
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 93.36
    1-hexene 6.41
    2-isopropoxyethanol 49.75
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 32.54
    methyl butyrate 30.61

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction

Botanical

Name CAS Botanical Proportion
Fir balsam 2a 8021-28-1 Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., fam. Pinaceae 0.01%
Fir balsam 2b 8021-28-1 Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., fam. Pinaceae 0.44%
Clover, white flower (Austria) Trifolium repens L., fam Liguminosae (Papilionaceae) 5.3%
Clover, red flower (Austria) 85085-25-2 Trifolium pratense L., fam. Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 8.2%
Tamarind 3 fruit Tamarindus indica L., fam. Leguminosae 0.01%
Colocasia esculenta (Taro) Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, fam. Araceae 0.3%