L-Malic Acid

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    97-67-6

    Molecular formula
    C4H6O5

    SMILES
    C([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 62.95%
    Sour 51.01%
    Caramellic 34.01%
    Sharp 30.71%
    Buttery 27.92%
    Burnt 24.03%
    Cheesy 23.03%
    Milky 21.98%
    Winey 21.7%
    Clean 21.53%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 77.61%
    Sour 45.48%
    Very mild 36.94%
    Acidic 28.45%
    Mild 27.87%
    Caramellic 26.82%
    Yeast 23.64%
    Bland 23.49%
    Faint 21.25%
    Sweet-like 21.23%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -1.3

    pKa est.
    5.36 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    134.09 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    346°C

    Melting point expt.

    • 107 °C

    Flash point

    • 193.33 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • soluble in water and alcohol; 1 gm in 0.8 ml water
    • 1 g in 1.4 ml alcohol (in ethanol)

  • Synonyms

    • 97-67-6
    • L-Malic acid
    • L-(-)-Malic acid
    • (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid
    • (2S)-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
    • (S)-Malic acid
    • L(-)-Malic acid
    • (-)-Malic acid
    • (-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid
    • S-(-)-Malic acid
    • L-Apple acid
    • L-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
    • Apple acid
    • L-malate
    • S-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
    • Malic acid, L-
    • Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-, (2S)-
    • Malic acid L-(-)-form
    • Hydroxysuccinnic acid (-)
    • L-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
    • MFCD00064213
    • Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (S)-
    • J3TZF807X5
    • CHEBI:30797
    • (-)-L-Malic acid
    • NSC9232
    • 2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (S)-
    • NSC 9232
    • (S)-malate
    • EINECS 202-601-5
    • Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)-
    • L-Hydroxysuccinic acid
    • L-MALIC ACID [FHFI]
    • (S)-(-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid
    • L-MALIC ACID [WHO-DD]
    • CHEMBL1234046
    • DTXSID30273987
    • (S)-(-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
    • NSC-9232
    • MALIC ACID L-(-)-FORM [MI]
    • MALIC ACID, L-(II)
    • MALIC ACID, L-[II]
    • (S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
    • (-)-(S)-Malic acid
    • Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (-)-
    • UNII-J3TZF807X5
    • malic-acid
    • 2yfa
    • 4elc
    • 4ipi
    • 4ipj
    • L-Hydroxysuccinate
    • (2s)-malic acid
    • L-Hydroxybutanedioate
    • nchembio867-comp7
    • L-(-) malic acid
    • (-)-Hydroxysuccinate
    • L-(-)-Apple Acid
    • S-(-)-Malate
    • (S)-Hydroxybutanedioate
    • S-2-Hydroxybutanedioate
    • (-)-(S)-Malate
    • (S)-(-)-malic acid
    • (S)-hydroxy-Butanedioate
    • (S)-Hydroxysuccinic acid
    • L(-)MALIC ACID
    • (S)-2-hydroxysuccinicacid
    • bmse000238
    • MALIC ACID [HSDB]
    • MALIC ACID, (L)
    • (S)-(-)-Hydroxysuccinate
    • (-)-Hydroxybutanedioic Acid
    • (S)-Malic acid (Standard)
    • (S)-hydroxy-Butanedioic acid
    • SCHEMBL256122
    • MALIC ACID, L- [II]
    • HY-Y1069R
    • (-)-(s)-hydroxybutanedioic acid
    • DTXCID10819943
    • (2S)-(-)-hydroxybutanedioic acid
    • hydron;(2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioate
    • HY-Y1069
    • BDBM50510127
    • s6292
    • AKOS006346693
    • CS-W020132
    • FM25004
    • L-(-)-Malic acid, BioXtra, >=95%
    • AS-18628
    • L-(-)-Malic acid, >=95% (titration)
    • (-)-1-Hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid
    • M0022
    • NS00068391
    • EN300-93424
    • C00149
    • L-(-)-Malic acid, purum, >=99.0% (T)
    • L-(-)-Malic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
    • SBI-0633490.0002
    • 35F9ECA9-BBE6-463D-BF3F-275FACC5D14E
    • L-(-)-Malic acid, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
    • L-(-)-Malic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 97%
    • Q27104150
    • Z1201618618
    • (S)-(-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid, L-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
    • L-(-)-Malic acid, 97%, optical purity ee: 99% (GLC)
    • L-(-)-Malic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
    • L-(-)-Malic acid, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture
    • 202-601-5
    • 26999-59-7

  • Applications

    L-Malic Acid (CAS 97-67-6) is used as an acidity regulator and souring agent in food and beverage processing, helping balance flavors in fruit-based products, confections, and processed foods; in cosmetics and personal care it is used as an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) for mild exfoliation and as a pH-adjusting component in formulations; in pharmaceutical formulations it functions as an acidulant and buffering agent in effervescent tablets and liquid preparations; in cleaning and detergents it can act as a mild organic acid and metal chelating/antiscaling aid to improve cleaning performance; and in industrial manufacturing it is used as a biobased diacid building block or intermediate for polyesters and other specialty chemicals.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 371.71
    methanol 639.2
    isopropanol 289.65
    water 889.02
    ethyl acetate 19.01
    n-propanol 303.99
    acetone 359.94
    n-butanol 227.3
    acetonitrile 117.68
    DMF 1498.71
    toluene 5.91
    isobutanol 136.48
    1,4-dioxane 262.25
    methyl acetate 54.23
    THF 331.2
    2-butanone 110.59
    n-pentanol 96.64
    sec-butanol 160.86
    n-hexane 6.82
    ethylene glycol 619.79
    NMP 287.11
    cyclohexane 6.17
    DMSO 1345.59
    n-butyl acetate 10.36
    n-octanol 20.37
    chloroform 8.97
    n-propyl acetate 19.29
    acetic acid 90.1
    dichloromethane 21.22
    cyclohexanone 59.77
    propylene glycol 282.29
    isopropyl acetate 12.99
    DMAc 633.22
    2-ethoxyethanol 402.72
    isopentanol 117.32
    n-heptane 5.91
    ethyl formate 119.43
    1,2-dichloroethane 37.82
    n-hexanol 43.82
    2-methoxyethanol 878.84
    isobutyl acetate 4.99
    tetrachloromethane 6.55
    n-pentyl acetate 8.17
    transcutol 81.49
    n-heptanol 25.55
    ethylbenzene 6.65
    MIBK 29.87
    2-propoxyethanol 144.45
    tert-butanol 257.9
    MTBE 57.9
    2-butoxyethanol 77.51
    propionic acid 59.92
    o-xylene 9.77
    formic acid 458.05
    diethyl ether 76.19
    m-xylene 6.81
    p-xylene 6.7
    chlorobenzene 2.83
    dimethyl carbonate 51.51
    n-octane 2.56
    formamide 597.03
    cyclopentanone 115.67
    2-pentanone 75.16
    anisole 30.95
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 62.79
    gamma-butyrolactone 106.66
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 349.71
    pyridine 42.47
    3-pentanone 40.06
    furfural 109.59
    n-dodecane 1.66
    diethylene glycol 265.02
    diisopropyl ether 11.26
    tert-amyl alcohol 132.55
    acetylacetone 54.7
    n-hexadecane 1.75
    acetophenone 22.79
    methyl propionate 42.55
    isopentyl acetate 6.9
    trichloroethylene 19.97
    n-nonanol 18.44
    cyclohexanol 62.03
    benzyl alcohol 41.17
    2-ethylhexanol 15.58
    isooctanol 15.12
    dipropyl ether 29.08
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 3.48
    ethyl lactate 31.97
    propylene carbonate 28.4
    n-methylformamide 702.84
    2-pentanol 85.67
    n-pentane 7.99
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 66.39
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 18.2
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 46.14
    mesitylene 6.44
    ε-caprolactone 43.16
    p-cymene 4.66
    epichlorohydrin 141.55
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 8.83
    2-aminoethanol 589.47
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 349.63
    sulfolane 172.41
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 2.31
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 105.17
    n-hexyl acetate 10.88
    isooctane 1.89
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 64.75
    sec-butyl acetate 8.2
    tert-butyl acetate 17.41
    decalin 2.44
    glycerin 457.07
    diglyme 165.47
    acrylic acid 61.09
    isopropyl myristate 5.74
    n-butyric acid 52.58
    acetyl acetate 8.78
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 6.64
    ethyl propionate 20.3
    nitromethane 211.83
    1,2-diethoxyethane 26.02
    benzonitrile 12.28
    trioctyl phosphate 7.84
    1-bromopropane 15.08
    gamma-valerolactone 185.34
    n-decanol 14.7
    triethyl phosphate 9.65
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 29.66
    propionitrile 57.24
    vinylene carbonate 27.63
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 108.67
    DMS 7.97
    cumene 5.56
    2-octanol 13.76
    2-hexanone 33.68
    octyl acetate 8.27
    limonene 6.47
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 530.14
    ethyl orthosilicate 9.71
    tributyl phosphate 6.14
    diacetone alcohol 66.9
    N,N-dimethylaniline 36.11
    acrylonitrile 72.14
    aniline 21.42
    1,3-propanediol 489.8
    bromobenzene 1.89
    dibromomethane 12.07
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 23.92
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 7.39
    tetrabutyl urea 17.38
    diisobutyl methanol 10.62
    2-phenylethanol 21.17
    styrene 5.97
    dioctyl adipate 7.98
    dimethyl sulfate 104.55
    ethyl butyrate 12.78
    methyl lactate 78.99
    butyl lactate 14.13
    diethyl carbonate 8.46
    propanediol butyl ether 56.29
    triethyl orthoformate 12.26
    p-tert-butyltoluene 5.0
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 22.36
    morpholine 332.48
    tert-butylamine 96.25
    n-dodecanol 11.71
    dimethoxymethane 466.86
    ethylene carbonate 27.13
    cyrene 66.92
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 11.24
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 4.86
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 3.88
    4-methylpyridine 41.07
    dibutyl ether 12.4
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 10.62
    DEF 166.56
    dimethyl isosorbide 53.88
    tetrachloroethylene 20.49
    eugenol 32.01
    triacetin 10.02
    span 80 26.74
    1,4-butanediol 226.23
    1,1-dichloroethane 15.11
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 48.26
    methyl formate 442.74
    2-methyl-1-butanol 107.63
    n-decane 2.56
    butyronitrile 58.56
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 12.0
    1-chlorooctane 5.33
    1-chlorotetradecane 2.72
    n-nonane 2.67
    undecane 2.0
    tert-butylcyclohexane 2.03
    cyclooctane 3.35
    cyclopentanol 111.13
    tetrahydropyran 104.99
    tert-amyl methyl ether 46.28
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 111.8
    1-hexene 13.05
    2-isopropoxyethanol 138.53
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 98.39
    methyl butyrate 39.3

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction