Kaempferol

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    520-18-3

    Molecular formula
    C15H10O6

    SMILES
    C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O

    Safety labels

    Acute Toxic
    Acute Toxic

    Health Hazard
    Health

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Phenolic 62.63%
    Odorless 56.6%
    Burnt 37.69%
    Medicinal 27.89%
    Smoky 25.75%
    Spicy 21.46%
    Bitter 21.15%
    Savory 20.31%
    Balsamic 18.98%
    Animal 18.77%

     

    Flavor
    Bitter 94.56%
    Odorless 24.31%
    Sweet-like 21.19%
    Very strong 20.91%
    Indole 20.64%
    Cedarleaf 20.57%
    Nitrile 20.36%
    Rotten 19.94%
    Eugenol 19.91%
    Lovage 19.89%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    1.9

    pKa est.
    10.28 (weak base)

    Molecular weight
    286.24 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    914°C

    Melting point expt.

    • 277 °C
    • MP: 276-278 °C and 278-280 °C decomposes
    • 285 - 287 °C

    Flash point

    • 237.19 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • Soluble in hot alcohol, ether or alkalies
    • Insoluble in benzene; slightly soluble in chloroform; soluble in acetic acid, alkalies; very soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone

  • Synonyms

    • kaempferol
    • 520-18-3
    • Kaempherol
    • Robigenin
    • Populnetin
    • Rhamnolutein
    • Trifolitin
    • Indigo Yellow
    • Pelargidenolon
    • Kempferol
    • Rhamnolutin
    • Swartziol
    • 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one
    • 3,4',5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone
    • Nimbecetin
    • Campherol
    • Kampferol
    • Kampherol
    • Kaemferol
    • Pelargidenolon 1497
    • 5,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavonol
    • 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
    • 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    • C.I. 75640
    • 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
    • Flavone, 3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-
    • NSC-407289
    • NSC-656277
    • 3,5,7,4'-Tetrahydroxyflavone
    • DTXSID7020768
    • 731P2LE49E
    • DTXCID30768
    • CHEBI:28499
    • RefChem:6450
    • 208-287-6
    • Kampcetin
    • Pelargidenon
    • CCRIS 41
    • MFCD00016938
    • Kempferol;Robigenin
    • NSC 407289
    • NSC 656277
    • 3'-DEOXYQUERCETIN
    • CHEMBL150
    • 3,4,5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone
    • NSC656277
    • CAS-520-18-3
    • CI 75640
    • SMR000112585
    • EINECS 208-287-6
    • BRN 0304401
    • isotein
    • kaempferal
    • Kaem
    • UNII-731P2LE49E
    • AI3-36096
    • HSDB 7703
    • 4det
    • Kaempferol (Standard)
    • KAEMPFEROL [MI]
    • 5,4'-Trihydroxyflavonol
    • Prestwick0_001098
    • Prestwick1_001098
    • Prestwick2_001098
    • Prestwick3_001098
    • KAEMPFEROL [HSDB]
    • KAEMPFEROL [IARC]
    • 3,5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone
    • KAEMPFEROL [USP-RS]
    • BIDD:PXR0073
    • Oprea1_650954
    • SCHEMBL18817
    • BSPBio_001176
    • 5-18-05-00251 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • MLS000697730
    • MLS001055391
    • MLS001074884
    • MLS006010737
    • BIDD:ER0134
    • SPBio_003058
    • Kaempferol, analytical standard
    • BDBM7462
    • BPBio1_001294
    • MEGxp0_001283
    • orb1306206
    • Flavone,4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-
    • SCHEMBL29378805
    • ACon1_001867
    • cid_5280863
    • GTPL11052
    • MSK7404
    • CHEBI: 28499
    • GLXC-07659
    • HMS1571K18
    • HMS2098K18
    • HMS2267I09
    • HMS3414C03
    • HMS3656M03
    • HMS3678C03
    • HMS3884B13
    • HMS5080P08
    • HMS6018O10
    • Kaempferol, >=97.0% (HPLC)
    • TNP00039
    • Tox21_201165
    • Tox21_303363
    • AC-544
    • EBC-44279
    • HSCI1_000027
    • HY-14590R
    • LMPK12110003
    • NSC407289
    • s2314
    • SBB066091
    • AKOS015895240
    • Kaempferol, >=90% (HPLC), powder
    • CCG-202823
    • CS-1273
    • DB01852
    • FK08973
    • GS-3570
    • NCGC00016480-01
    • NCGC00016480-02
    • NCGC00016480-03
    • NCGC00016480-04
    • NCGC00016480-05
    • NCGC00016480-06
    • kaempferol

  • Applications

    Kaempferol (CAS 520-18-3) is a plant-derived flavonol used across several industrial and research contexts. In cosmetics and personal care, it is employed as an antioxidant additive and may contribute to color in pigment systems. In polymers and plastics, it is evaluated as a natural antioxidant and stabilizer to enhance oxidative and light-aging resistance. In coatings and inks, it can serve as a functional additive for stability and as a natural pigment in environmentally friendly formulations. In pharmaceuticals and life sciences, it is used as a reference flavonol for antioxidant studies and as a scaffold in flavonoid-based drug discovery. In agriculture and plant science, it is investigated as a model metabolite for flavonoid biosynthesis and plant defense roles. Overall, kaempferol is typically used as a chemical reference, research material, or as part of plant extracts, with use subject to local regulations and formulation limits.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 10.54
    methanol 9.41
    isopropanol 8.89
    water 0.0
    ethyl acetate 7.65
    n-propanol 11.81
    acetone 2.07
    n-butanol 13.66
    acetonitrile 1.02
    DMF 49.76
    toluene 0.11
    isobutanol 5.69
    1,4-dioxane 4.56
    methyl acetate 4.86
    THF 90.62
    2-butanone 16.32
    n-pentanol 5.59
    sec-butanol 14.25
    n-hexane 0.01
    ethylene glycol 4.67
    NMP 44.6
    cyclohexane 0.0
    DMSO 395.96
    n-butyl acetate 5.39
    n-octanol 3.24
    chloroform 0.0
    n-propyl acetate 4.78
    acetic acid 3.52
    dichloromethane 0.0
    cyclohexanone 12.27
    propylene glycol 8.67
    isopropyl acetate 4.88
    DMAc 72.12
    2-ethoxyethanol 37.56
    isopentanol 9.85
    n-heptane 0.02
    ethyl formate 3.37
    1,2-dichloroethane 0.03
    n-hexanol 4.2
    2-methoxyethanol 126.35
    isobutyl acetate 1.16
    tetrachloromethane 0.0
    n-pentyl acetate 3.51
    transcutol 53.33
    n-heptanol 3.2
    ethylbenzene 0.12
    MIBK 5.81
    2-propoxyethanol 45.89
    tert-butanol 9.49
    MTBE 2.78
    2-butoxyethanol 16.02
    propionic acid 4.66
    o-xylene 0.14
    formic acid 3.77
    diethyl ether 1.64
    m-xylene 0.12
    p-xylene 0.1
    chlorobenzene 0.03
    dimethyl carbonate 2.78
    n-octane 0.01
    formamide 11.72
    cyclopentanone 32.77
    2-pentanone 13.01
    anisole 1.09
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 7.39
    gamma-butyrolactone 27.49
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 100.22
    pyridine 2.58
    3-pentanone 4.24
    furfural 11.26
    n-dodecane 0.02
    diethylene glycol 36.72
    diisopropyl ether 0.33
    tert-amyl alcohol 12.73
    acetylacetone 11.24
    n-hexadecane 0.03
    acetophenone 2.33
    methyl propionate 10.03
    isopentyl acetate 4.44
    trichloroethylene 0.05
    n-nonanol 3.54
    cyclohexanol 5.2
    benzyl alcohol 2.52
    2-ethylhexanol 2.45
    isooctanol 2.44
    dipropyl ether 2.31
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.04
    ethyl lactate 6.59
    propylene carbonate 4.72
    n-methylformamide 19.57
    2-pentanol 7.46
    n-pentane 0.01
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 32.09
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 15.18
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 16.74
    mesitylene 0.07
    ε-caprolactone 14.55
    p-cymene 0.27
    epichlorohydrin 19.76
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.01
    2-aminoethanol 12.46
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 36.46
    sulfolane 70.69
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.02
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 19.83
    n-hexyl acetate 5.59
    isooctane 0.01
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 26.25
    sec-butyl acetate 2.91
    tert-butyl acetate 5.92
    decalin 0.01
    glycerin 28.09
    diglyme 37.24
    acrylic acid 3.64
    isopropyl myristate 2.04
    n-butyric acid 10.42
    acetyl acetate 1.35
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 1.86
    ethyl propionate 5.13
    nitromethane 12.46
    1,2-diethoxyethane 6.98
    benzonitrile 0.91
    trioctyl phosphate 1.87
    1-bromopropane 0.06
    gamma-valerolactone 54.55
    n-decanol 2.48
    triethyl phosphate 1.98
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 3.18
    propionitrile 2.48
    vinylene carbonate 2.14
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 14.19
    DMS 2.98
    cumene 0.1
    2-octanol 2.25
    2-hexanone 6.85
    octyl acetate 2.98
    limonene 0.42
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 37.07
    ethyl orthosilicate 1.7
    tributyl phosphate 2.01
    diacetone alcohol 33.16
    N,N-dimethylaniline 0.92
    acrylonitrile 3.79
    aniline 1.0
    1,3-propanediol 36.44
    bromobenzene 0.01
    dibromomethane 0.0
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 0.09
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 2.41
    tetrabutyl urea 3.82
    diisobutyl methanol 1.66
    2-phenylethanol 3.18
    styrene 0.07
    dioctyl adipate 3.04
    dimethyl sulfate 8.43
    ethyl butyrate 4.44
    methyl lactate 18.39
    butyl lactate 7.32
    diethyl carbonate 1.59
    propanediol butyl ether 15.51
    triethyl orthoformate 3.45
    p-tert-butyltoluene 0.27
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 4.82
    morpholine 27.76
    tert-butylamine 1.28
    n-dodecanol 1.54
    dimethoxymethane 29.45
    ethylene carbonate 2.0
    cyrene 13.57
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 6.51
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 2.68
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.1
    4-methylpyridine 2.63
    dibutyl ether 2.38
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 1.66
    DEF 23.03
    dimethyl isosorbide 22.99
    tetrachloroethylene 0.04
    eugenol 6.35
    triacetin 4.91
    span 80 9.9
    1,4-butanediol 5.02
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.01
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 5.1
    methyl formate 6.33
    2-methyl-1-butanol 9.98
    n-decane 0.04
    butyronitrile 3.17
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 2.77
    1-chlorooctane 0.31
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.12
    n-nonane 0.02
    undecane 0.03
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.01
    cyclooctane 0.0
    cyclopentanol 8.57
    tetrahydropyran 4.17
    tert-amyl methyl ether 4.66
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 25.32
    1-hexene 0.07
    2-isopropoxyethanol 16.49
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 1.08
    methyl butyrate 8.21

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction