Glyoxal

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    107-22-2

    Molecular formula
    C2H2O2

    SMILES
    C(=O)C=O

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

    Health Hazard
    Health

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Caramellic 65.46%
    Burnt 52.36%
    Pungent 49.74%
    Sharp 48.41%
    Odorless 40.62%
    Sour 40.43%
    Ethereal 33.58%
    Sweet 30.43%
    Buttery 26.13%
    Nutty 26.04%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 40.64%
    Almond 33.71%
    Pungent 33.6%
    Sweet 29.34%
    Vinegar 26.57%
    Cherry 26.55%
    Sour 25.54%
    Formyl 24.54%
    Sharp 23.05%
    Ethereal 22.89%

     

    Odor impact est.
    High

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -0.4

    pKa est.
    5.97 (weak acid)

    Molecular weight
    58.04 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Very fast

    Melting point expt.

    • 59 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • 15 °C for pure glyoxal and approximately -10 °C for the 40% solution
    • 15 °C
    • -14 °C
    • 59 °F

    Boiling point

    • 124 °F at 776 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
    • 51 °C at 776 mm Hg
    • 104 °C
    • 124 °F

    Flash point

    • 53.36 ˚C est.
    • 428 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • 428 °F
    • >100 °C

    Solubility expt.

    • greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)
    • Sol in anhydrous solvents
    • In water, miscible at 20 °C

  • Synonyms

    • GLYOXAL
    • 107-22-2
    • Ethanedial
    • Oxalaldehyde
    • oxaldehyde
    • 1,2-Ethanedione
    • Biformyl
    • Diformyl
    • Glyoxylaldehyde
    • Biformal
    • Diformal
    • Oxal
    • Aerotex glyoxal 40
    • Glyoxal aldehyde
    • Ethanedione
    • CCRIS 952
    • Ethandial
    • HSDB 497
    • DTXSID5025364
    • Glyoxal, 29.2%
    • EINECS 203-474-9
    • ethane-1,2-dial
    • UNII-50NP6JJ975
    • BRN 1732463
    • CHEBI:34779
    • AI3-24108
    • 50NP6JJ975
    • MFCD00006957
    • DTXCID505364
    • EC 203-474-9
    • 4-01-00-03625 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • NCGC00091228-01
    • GLYOXAL (MART.)
    • GLYOXAL [MART.]
    • Glyoxal, 40%
    • Glyoxal (5% in 250mL in H2O)
    • CAS-107-22-2
    • Ethane-1,2-dione
    • ODIX
    • Glyoxal (40% w/w in H2O) (Technical Grade)
    • Glyoxal, 40% in water
    • ethane dial
    • (oxo)acetaldehyde
    • Protectol GL 40
    • glyoxal (ethanedial)
    • oxalic acid dihydride
    • hydroxymethylene ketone
    • GOHSEZAL P
    • GLYOXAL [HSDB]
    • GLYOXAL [MI]
    • PERMAFRESH 114
    • GLYOXAL [WHO-DD]
    • DAICEL GY 60
    • GLYFIX CS 50
    • BIDD:ER0284
    • (CHO)2
    • GLYOXAL, 40% SOLUTION
    • Glyoxal, Biformyl, Oxalaldehyde
    • CHEMBL1606435
    • Glyoxal, 40% w/w aq. soln.
    • STR01281
    • Tox21_111105
    • Tox21_202517
    • BBL011519
    • NSC262684
    • STL146635
    • AKOS000119169
    • NSC-262684
    • NCGC00260066-01
    • 63986-13-0
    • G0152
    • NS00003526
    • EN300-19156
    • Q413465
    • F2191-0152
    • 203-474-9

  • Applications

    Glyoxal (ethanedial) is a versatile aldehyde used as a crosslinking agent and reactive intermediate in several industrial applications. In textiles, it functions as a crosslinker to improve wrinkle resistance and durability of cellulose-based fabrics such as cotton. In paper and coatings, it is used to crosslink starches and binders, improving mechanical strength, dimensional stability and water resistance of coatings and packaging papers. In the polymer and adhesive sector, it acts as a reactive crosslinking agent for waterborne resins and polyvinyl alcohol systems, enabling faster curing and better film formation. In resin and coating manufacturing, it is used as a crosslinking agent and building block for glyoxal-based resins, including urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde systems. It is commonly used as an intermediate in the synthesis of resins, coatings and specialty chemicals, and its use is subject to formulation controls and local regulations.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 16.13
    methanol 41.73
    isopropanol 8.55
    water 12.84
    ethyl acetate 37.06
    n-propanol 9.94
    acetone 83.09
    n-butanol 7.51
    acetonitrile 122.56
    DMF 230.36
    toluene 7.21
    isobutanol 6.32
    1,4-dioxane 54.26
    methyl acetate 67.16
    THF 43.49
    2-butanone 44.03
    n-pentanol 5.99
    sec-butanol 6.99
    n-hexane 2.33
    ethylene glycol 21.31
    NMP 251.28
    cyclohexane 5.67
    DMSO 308.96
    n-butyl acetate 20.85
    n-octanol 6.67
    chloroform 41.34
    n-propyl acetate 20.79
    acetic acid 75.88
    dichloromethane 79.47
    cyclohexanone 48.88
    propylene glycol 7.99
    isopropyl acetate 15.76
    DMAc 213.67
    2-ethoxyethanol 26.04
    isopentanol 6.0
    n-heptane 3.53
    ethyl formate 37.75
    1,2-dichloroethane 56.18
    n-hexanol 5.63
    2-methoxyethanol 52.93
    isobutyl acetate 8.97
    tetrachloromethane 8.12
    n-pentyl acetate 10.64
    transcutol 94.89
    n-heptanol 3.62
    ethylbenzene 5.73
    MIBK 11.54
    2-propoxyethanol 19.37
    tert-butanol 10.32
    MTBE 12.23
    2-butoxyethanol 11.6
    propionic acid 32.2
    o-xylene 10.79
    formic acid 70.66
    diethyl ether 17.95
    m-xylene 5.57
    p-xylene 9.73
    chlorobenzene 19.21
    dimethyl carbonate 30.17
    n-octane 1.57
    formamide 132.05
    cyclopentanone 61.84
    2-pentanone 22.49
    anisole 19.89
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 18.06
    gamma-butyrolactone 99.71
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 24.49
    pyridine 60.92
    3-pentanone 30.55
    furfural 128.04
    n-dodecane 1.63
    diethylene glycol 29.29
    diisopropyl ether 5.16
    tert-amyl alcohol 8.62
    acetylacetone 45.44
    n-hexadecane 1.83
    acetophenone 30.44
    methyl propionate 39.19
    isopentyl acetate 15.44
    trichloroethylene 84.35
    n-nonanol 5.92
    cyclohexanol 10.21
    benzyl alcohol 15.04
    2-ethylhexanol 5.93
    isooctanol 3.19
    dipropyl ether 13.22
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 25.43
    ethyl lactate 14.46
    propylene carbonate 45.24
    n-methylformamide 104.73
    2-pentanol 4.6
    n-pentane 2.15
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 15.12
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 23.38
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 28.04
    mesitylene 4.85
    ε-caprolactone 45.34
    p-cymene 7.16
    epichlorohydrin 66.07
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 26.58
    2-aminoethanol 17.41
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 165.91
    sulfolane 139.14
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 1.37
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 31.58
    n-hexyl acetate 15.32
    isooctane 0.7
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 25.82
    sec-butyl acetate 11.3
    tert-butyl acetate 13.79
    decalin 2.73
    glycerin 21.9
    diglyme 71.23
    acrylic acid 49.05
    isopropyl myristate 8.24
    n-butyric acid 22.39
    acetyl acetate 36.25
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 9.77
    ethyl propionate 22.91
    nitromethane 264.65
    1,2-diethoxyethane 29.81
    benzonitrile 35.9
    trioctyl phosphate 6.57
    1-bromopropane 16.81
    gamma-valerolactone 95.0
    n-decanol 4.83
    triethyl phosphate 17.67
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 3.03
    propionitrile 38.74
    vinylene carbonate 52.28
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 68.73
    DMS 35.97
    cumene 4.79
    2-octanol 3.08
    2-hexanone 15.93
    octyl acetate 10.35
    limonene 10.06
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 68.56
    ethyl orthosilicate 13.64
    tributyl phosphate 10.75
    diacetone alcohol 17.73
    N,N-dimethylaniline 19.95
    acrylonitrile 77.58
    aniline 14.97
    1,3-propanediol 17.11
    bromobenzene 17.76
    dibromomethane 39.93
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 53.89
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 14.94
    tetrabutyl urea 19.06
    diisobutyl methanol 5.24
    2-phenylethanol 11.28
    styrene 9.26
    dioctyl adipate 18.05
    dimethyl sulfate 76.52
    ethyl butyrate 23.15
    methyl lactate 25.92
    butyl lactate 11.29
    diethyl carbonate 21.87
    propanediol butyl ether 13.95
    triethyl orthoformate 18.56
    p-tert-butyltoluene 5.86
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 21.23
    morpholine 51.56
    tert-butylamine 6.85
    n-dodecanol 4.31
    dimethoxymethane 50.45
    ethylene carbonate 37.39
    cyrene 29.7
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 20.73
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 13.27
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 32.79
    4-methylpyridine 44.05
    dibutyl ether 12.58
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 5.24
    DEF 66.68
    dimethyl isosorbide 47.71
    tetrachloroethylene 42.75
    eugenol 20.07
    triacetin 34.63
    span 80 16.55
    1,4-butanediol 8.75
    1,1-dichloroethane 27.98
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 5.49
    methyl formate 86.98
    2-methyl-1-butanol 5.88
    n-decane 2.27
    butyronitrile 23.04
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 7.19
    1-chlorooctane 5.98
    1-chlorotetradecane 3.35
    n-nonane 2.25
    undecane 1.88
    tert-butylcyclohexane 1.71
    cyclooctane 2.14
    cyclopentanol 12.75
    tetrahydropyran 24.33
    tert-amyl methyl ether 11.38
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 58.55
    1-hexene 4.87
    2-isopropoxyethanol 14.66
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 48.41
    methyl butyrate 30.57

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction