Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    56-12-2

    Molecular formula
    C4H9NO2

    SMILES
    C(CC(=O)O)CN

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Odorless 61.54%
    Meaty 41.58%
    Cheesy 40.06%
    Fishy 39.3%
    Savory 32.79%
    Sulfurous 20.38%
    Cooked 20.36%
    Ripe 20.28%
    Sour 19.61%
    Animal 18.33%

     

    Flavor
    Odorless 62.82%
    Sour 40.11%
    Acidic 33.3%
    Cheese 30.73%
    Sweat 29.51%
    Rancid 29.44%
    Mild 29.28%
    Sulfury 23.66%
    Cheesy 23.18%
    Faint 22.89%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    -3.2

    pKa est.
    7.09 (neutral)

    Molecular weight
    103.12 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Very slow

    Boiling point est.
    241°C

    Melting point expt.

    • 203 °C

    Flash point

    • 122.94 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • 1.2 [ug/mL] (The mean of the results at pH 7.4)
    • 1300.0 mg/mL
    • Slightly soluble in water; soluble in many non-polar solvents
    • Insoluble (in ethanol)

  • Synonyms

    • 4-aminobutyric acid
    • 4-Aminobutanoic acid
    • gamma-aminobutyric acid
    • GABA
    • 56-12-2
    • Piperidic acid
    • Piperidinic acid
    • Aminalon
    • Gaballon
    • butanoic acid, 4-amino-
    • Gammalon
    • Gammalone
    • Gammasol
    • Mielogen
    • Mielomade
    • Gamarex
    • Gammar
    • Reanal
    • Butyric acid, 4-amino-
    • gamma-amino-n-butyric acid
    • Immu-G
    • gamma-Aminobutanoic acid
    • Gammagee
    • Gamulin
    • .gamma.-Aminobutyric acid
    • omega-Aminobutyric acid
    • Aminalone
    • Gamastan
    • gamma-Amino butyric acid
    • gamma-Aminobuttersaeure
    • gamma-aminobutyrate
    • 3-Carboxypropylamine
    • GAMMA-AMINO-BUTANOIC ACID
    • 4-aminobutyrate
    • 4-aminobutanoate
    • 4-amino-butanoic acid
    • gamma Aminobutyric acid
    • DF 468
    • CCRIS 3721
    • g-Aminobutyric acid
    • 4Abu
    • 4-amino butyric acid
    • 4-Amino-butyric acid
    • NSC 27418
    • Gamma-aminobutyric acid [JAN]
    • 4-amino-n-butyric acid
    • EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 030802
    • GAMMA(AMINO)-BUTYRIC ACID
    • UNII-2ACZ6IPC6I
    • 2ACZ6IPC6I
    • Aminobutyric acid, gamma-
    • Factor I
    • AI3-26812
    • Aminobutanoic acid
    • .gamma.-Amino-butyric acid
    • 20-79-1
    • EINECS 200-258-6
    • NSC-27418
    • .gamma.-Amino-N-butyric acid
    • DTXSID6035106
    • CHEBI:16865
    • gamma-Aminobutryic acid
    • 4-NH2-but
    • 4-NH3-but
    • CHEMBL96
    • .gamma.-Aminobutanoic acid
    • [3H]GABA
    • MLS000028505
    • gamma-Aminobutyric acid (JAN)
    • DTXCID4015106
    • Butanoic acid, 4-amino- (9CI)
    • NSC27418
    • NSC32044
    • NSC45460
    • NSC51295
    • MFCD00008226
    • 4-Aminobutylate
    • Butyric acid, 4-amino- (7CI,8CI)
    • NCGC00015043-07
    • SMR000058285
    • 4-AMINO-BUTYRATE
    • WLN: Z3VQ
    • 4-Aminobutyricacid
    • BUTANOIC ACID,4-AMINO
    • GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (MART.)
    • GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID [MART.]
    • GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (USP-RS)
    • GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID [USP-RS]
    • Chemical Name: .gamma.-Aminobutanoic acid
    • 4 Aminobutyric Acid
    • 4 Aminobutanoic Acid
    • gamma-Aminobuttersaeure [German]
    • SR-01000075618
    • Acide amino-4- butyrique [French]
    • Acide amino-4- butyrique
    • aminobutyrate
    • Immuglobin
    • Piperidate
    • Piperidinate
    • w-Aminobutyrate
    • GABA Phenolic
    • Gamma aminobutyrate
    • omega-Aminobutyrate
    • Gammalon (TN)
    • a-Aminobutyric acid
    • w-Aminobutyric acid
    • gamma-Aminobuttersaure
    • Vigabatrin impurity D
    • gamma-aminobutyric-acid
    • Spectrum_000049
    • Tocris-0344
    • Aminobutyric acid,-4-
    • gamma-amino-butyric acid
    • gamma.-aminobutyric acid
    • Acide amino-4-butyrique
    • 4-Amino-n-butanoic acid
    • Opera_ID_1152
    • Spectrum2_001208
    • Spectrum3_001385
    • Spectrum4_000809
    • Spectrum5_001425
    • Lopac-A-2129
    • Vigabatrin EP Impurity D
    • .omega.-Aminobutyric acid
    • cid_119
    • Biomol-NT_000230
    • bmse000340
    • bmse000820

  • Applications

    Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (CAS 56-12-2) is primarily used as an intermediate in pharmaceutical manufacturing and in the synthesis of GABA-related derivatives for neuroscience research and drug development. It also serves as a biochemical research reagent or substrate in enzyme assays. In cosmetics and personal care, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid may function as a moisturizing and conditioning ingredient, helping to improve product feel and texture. Additionally, it is being evaluated for agricultural use as a plant biostimulant or signaling molecule to enhance stress tolerance and plant growth.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 2.65
    methanol 7.84
    isopropanol 1.25
    water 482.76
    ethyl acetate 1.53
    n-propanol 1.71
    acetone 2.05
    n-butanol 1.1
    acetonitrile 0.99
    DMF 35.83
    toluene 0.38
    isobutanol 1.37
    1,4-dioxane 2.52
    methyl acetate 1.23
    THF 6.09
    2-butanone 0.98
    n-pentanol 1.12
    sec-butanol 1.14
    n-hexane 0.16
    ethylene glycol 57.9
    NMP 65.61
    cyclohexane 0.12
    DMSO 44.51
    n-butyl acetate 2.25
    n-octanol 1.66
    chloroform 1.03
    n-propyl acetate 1.16
    acetic acid 32.24
    dichloromethane 0.92
    cyclohexanone 5.43
    propylene glycol 32.66
    isopropyl acetate 1.43
    DMAc 36.69
    2-ethoxyethanol 9.99
    isopentanol 1.48
    n-heptane 0.27
    ethyl formate 5.97
    1,2-dichloroethane 0.66
    n-hexanol 3.41
    2-methoxyethanol 21.54
    isobutyl acetate 0.91
    tetrachloromethane 0.96
    n-pentyl acetate 1.63
    transcutol 13.54
    n-heptanol 2.71
    ethylbenzene 0.52
    MIBK 1.63
    2-propoxyethanol 15.02
    tert-butanol 3.52
    MTBE 0.68
    2-butoxyethanol 9.88
    propionic acid 13.28
    o-xylene 1.04
    formic acid 134.82
    diethyl ether 0.24
    m-xylene 0.94
    p-xylene 0.8
    chlorobenzene 0.75
    dimethyl carbonate 2.86
    n-octane 0.13
    formamide 48.95
    cyclopentanone 9.49
    2-pentanone 1.19
    anisole 1.59
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 2.33
    gamma-butyrolactone 18.68
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 12.25
    pyridine 2.12
    3-pentanone 0.9
    furfural 33.47
    n-dodecane 0.11
    diethylene glycol 35.86
    diisopropyl ether 0.3
    tert-amyl alcohol 3.56
    acetylacetone 5.14
    n-hexadecane 0.12
    acetophenone 3.77
    methyl propionate 2.16
    isopentyl acetate 2.49
    trichloroethylene 1.8
    n-nonanol 1.63
    cyclohexanol 2.38
    benzyl alcohol 3.95
    2-ethylhexanol 2.43
    isooctanol 2.28
    dipropyl ether 0.91
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 1.58
    ethyl lactate 6.03
    propylene carbonate 12.17
    n-methylformamide 21.17
    2-pentanol 0.75
    n-pentane 0.07
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 8.92
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 5.26
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 12.75
    mesitylene 1.0
    ε-caprolactone 8.02
    p-cymene 1.16
    epichlorohydrin 4.62
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.82
    2-aminoethanol 36.03
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 40.26
    sulfolane 49.86
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.15
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 2.44
    n-hexyl acetate 2.22
    isooctane 0.13
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 12.38
    sec-butyl acetate 0.9
    tert-butyl acetate 2.31
    decalin 0.24
    glycerin 88.57
    diglyme 16.61
    acrylic acid 25.02
    isopropyl myristate 1.19
    n-butyric acid 9.13
    acetyl acetate 2.67
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 4.88
    ethyl propionate 1.44
    nitromethane 21.31
    1,2-diethoxyethane 1.24
    benzonitrile 2.65
    trioctyl phosphate 3.35
    1-bromopropane 0.22
    gamma-valerolactone 23.74
    n-decanol 1.31
    triethyl phosphate 3.07
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 1.14
    propionitrile 0.78
    vinylene carbonate 12.39
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 32.33
    DMS 2.99
    cumene 0.8
    2-octanol 1.36
    2-hexanone 1.0
    octyl acetate 1.87
    limonene 1.27
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 8.56
    ethyl orthosilicate 2.58
    tributyl phosphate 3.07
    diacetone alcohol 9.1
    N,N-dimethylaniline 2.88
    acrylonitrile 2.45
    aniline 1.75
    1,3-propanediol 18.43
    bromobenzene 0.57
    dibromomethane 0.5
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 2.1
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 3.58
    tetrabutyl urea 5.43
    diisobutyl methanol 1.71
    2-phenylethanol 4.95
    styrene 0.45
    dioctyl adipate 2.62
    dimethyl sulfate 12.5
    ethyl butyrate 2.15
    methyl lactate 13.31
    butyl lactate 5.83
    diethyl carbonate 1.89
    propanediol butyl ether 13.02
    triethyl orthoformate 2.44
    p-tert-butyltoluene 1.19
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 8.46
    morpholine 3.39
    tert-butylamine 1.28
    n-dodecanol 1.06
    dimethoxymethane 5.83
    ethylene carbonate 7.81
    cyrene 22.38
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 2.51
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 1.83
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 1.91
    4-methylpyridine 2.35
    dibutyl ether 0.53
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 1.71
    DEF 4.97
    dimethyl isosorbide 20.54
    tetrachloroethylene 2.81
    eugenol 12.9
    triacetin 4.81
    span 80 12.23
    1,4-butanediol 10.88
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.38
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 1.75
    methyl formate 18.99
    2-methyl-1-butanol 1.48
    n-decane 0.14
    butyronitrile 0.81
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 1.86
    1-chlorooctane 0.41
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.27
    n-nonane 0.13
    undecane 0.12
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.26
    cyclooctane 0.11
    cyclopentanol 5.67
    tetrahydropyran 0.77
    tert-amyl methyl ether 0.91
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 18.96
    1-hexene 0.26
    2-isopropoxyethanol 5.36
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 29.11
    methyl butyrate 2.59

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction