Apigenin

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  • Identifiers

    CAS number
    520-36-5

    Molecular formula
    C15H10O5

    SMILES
    C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O

    Safety labels

    Irritant
    Irritant

  • Odor profile

    Fragrance
    Phenolic 64.32%
    Odorless 47.51%
    Burnt 35.04%
    Medicinal 31.02%
    Nutty 28.14%
    Smoky 24.46%
    Animal 23.38%
    Bitter 23.36%
    Spicy 22.13%
    Musty 22.11%

     

    Flavor
    Bitter 93.82%
    Odorless 22.41%
    Very strong 21.34%
    Indole 21.11%
    Nitrile 20.76%
    Cedarleaf 20.53%
    Sweet-like 20.36%
    Lovage 20.04%
    Rotten 19.98%
    Moth ball 19.91%

     

    Odor impact est.
    Low

  • Properties

    XLogP3-AA
    1.7

    pKa est.
    9.52 (weak base)

    Molecular weight
    270.24 g/mol

    Vapor pressure est.

    • hPa @ 20°C
    • hPa @ 25°C

    Evaporation rate
    Ultra slow

    Boiling point est.
    613°C

    Melting point expt.

    • 345-350 °C
    • MP: 347.5 °C
    • 347.5 °C

    Flash point

    • 226.01 ˚C est.

    Solubility expt.

    • Soluble in ethanol, pyridine, concentrated sulfuric acid; very soluble in dilute alkalies
    • Moderately soluble in hot alcohol. Soluble in dilute KOH with intense yellow color

  • Synonyms

    • apigenin
    • 520-36-5
    • 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one
    • Versulin
    • Apigenol
    • Chamomile
    • 4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone
    • Spigenin
    • Apigenine
    • C.I. Natural Yellow 1
    • Pelargidenon 1449
    • 5,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone
    • 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    • 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
    • 2-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromone
    • 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
    • NSC 83244
    • UCCF 031
    • 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-benzopyrone
    • MFCD00006831
    • CCRIS 3789
    • FLAVONE, 4',5,7-TRIHYDROXY-
    • CHEBI:18388
    • EINECS 208-292-3
    • NSC-83244
    • UNII-7V515PI7F6
    • APEGENIN
    • BRN 0262620
    • Chamomile oil, german
    • DTXSID6022391
    • HSDB 7573
    • 7V515PI7F6
    • CHEMBL28
    • PELARGIDENON-1449
    • CI NATURAL YELLOW 1
    • DTXCID902391
    • UCCF-031
    • 4′,5,7-Trihydroxyflavone
    • 5-18-04-00574 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
    • NSC83244
    • CAS-520-36-5
    • LY-080400
    • 4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone;Apigenol;C.I. Natural Yellow 1
    • SMR000326850
    • CHAMOMILE OIL
    • SR-01000075663
    • 4der
    • 4dgm
    • 4hkk
    • Chamomile Absolute
    • Naringenin, 18
    • 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; 4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone; Pelargidenon 1449;
    • Prestwick_719
    • Apigenin, 13
    • Apigenin (Standard)
    • Apigenin - 94%
    • Apigenin - 97%
    • ACACETIN_met001
    • Tocris-1227
    • 3cf9
    • ST056301
    • APIGENIN [HSDB]
    • 4',7-Trihydroxyflavone
    • APIGENIN [MI]
    • BiomolKI_000078
    • Prestwick0_000414
    • Prestwick1_000414
    • Prestwick2_000414
    • Prestwick3_000414
    • Spectrum2_000428
    • Spectrum3_001882
    • Spectrum4_001999
    • Lopac-A-3145
    • APIGENIN [USP-RS]
    • APIGENIN [WHO-DD]
    • BiomolKI2_000082
    • 4,5, 7-Trihydroxyflavone
    • Lopac0_000065
    • Oprea1_622293
    • SCHEMBL19428
    • 4',5,7-trihydroxy-Flavone
    • Apigenin, analytical standard
    • BSPBio_000368
    • BSPBio_003384
    • KBioGR_002565
    • SPECTRUM200846
    • MLS000697626
    • MLS000859991
    • MLS001074874
    • MLS006011839
    • BIDD:ER0135
    • DivK1c_000798
    • SCHEMBL222227
    • SPBio_000416
    • SPBio_002307
    • ghl.PD_Mitscher_leg0.1194
    • BDBM7458
    • BPBio1_000406
    • GTPL4136
    • MEGxp0_000176
    • ACon1_002450
    • cid_5280443
    • HMS502H20
    • HY-N1201R
    • KBio1_000798
    • KBio3_002887
    • NINDS_000798
    • Bio1_000376
    • Bio1_000865
    • Bio1_001354
    • HMS1569C10
    • HMS1922P22
    • HMS2096C10
    • HMS2230D17
    • HMS3260M11
    • HMS3267D21
    • HMS3373B18
    • HMS3412A08
    • HMS3561P09
    • HMS3655D18
    • HMS3676A08
    • HMS3866D03
    • Apigenin, >=95.0% (HPLC)
    • BCP28288
    • HY-N1201
    • Tox21_201542
    • Tox21_302884
    • Tox21_500065

  • Applications

    Apigenin (CAS 520-36-5) is a naturally occurring flavone used in industry primarily as a bioactive botanical constituent and a potential synthetic intermediate. In cosmetics and personal care, it is evaluated as an antioxidant and has potential anti-inflammatory activity for topical formulations. In pharmaceutical research, it is used as a lead compound and reference flavonoid in medicinal chemistry studies and as a precursor for derivative synthesis. In food processing and nutraceuticals, apigenin-rich plant extracts and purified material are used in dietary supplements or as functional ingredients. In agriculture and plant science, it serves as a research reference for plant defense and signaling, informing crop-protection research. Overall, its applications are largely exploratory and subject to formulation constraints and local regulatory compliance.

    gpt-5-nano

  • Solubility @25˚C

    Solvent Solubility (g/L)
    ethanol 1.15
    methanol 0.95
    isopropanol 1.42
    water 0.01
    ethyl acetate 1.01
    n-propanol 1.51
    acetone 1.51
    n-butanol 1.87
    acetonitrile 1.53
    DMF 49.41
    toluene 0.04
    isobutanol 1.11
    1,4-dioxane 5.83
    methyl acetate 2.77
    THF 30.87
    2-butanone 3.62
    n-pentanol 1.24
    sec-butanol 1.72
    n-hexane 0.0
    ethylene glycol 23.05
    NMP 41.58
    cyclohexane 0.0
    DMSO 1825.8
    n-butyl acetate 2.25
    n-octanol 0.67
    chloroform 0.0
    n-propyl acetate 2.47
    acetic acid 8.28
    dichloromethane 0.0
    cyclohexanone 3.99
    propylene glycol 38.09
    isopropyl acetate 1.36
    DMAc 65.05
    2-ethoxyethanol 36.8
    isopentanol 2.07
    n-heptane 0.0
    ethyl formate 1.71
    1,2-dichloroethane 0.02
    n-hexanol 0.56
    2-methoxyethanol 87.45
    isobutyl acetate 1.55
    tetrachloromethane 0.0
    n-pentyl acetate 1.66
    transcutol 538.79
    n-heptanol 0.65
    ethylbenzene 0.04
    MIBK 2.02
    2-propoxyethanol 32.01
    tert-butanol 2.87
    MTBE 0.7
    2-butoxyethanol 13.34
    propionic acid 5.97
    o-xylene 0.05
    formic acid 6.74
    diethyl ether 0.21
    m-xylene 0.05
    p-xylene 0.06
    chlorobenzene 0.03
    dimethyl carbonate 3.8
    n-octane 0.0
    formamide 18.44
    cyclopentanone 13.3
    2-pentanone 1.88
    anisole 0.92
    cyclopentyl methyl ether 1.55
    gamma-butyrolactone 24.03
    1-methoxy-2-propanol 68.78
    pyridine 1.35
    3-pentanone 0.87
    furfural 19.1
    n-dodecane 0.01
    diethylene glycol 66.05
    diisopropyl ether 0.1
    tert-amyl alcohol 2.45
    acetylacetone 8.97
    n-hexadecane 0.01
    acetophenone 2.12
    methyl propionate 2.43
    isopentyl acetate 3.0
    trichloroethylene 0.06
    n-nonanol 0.82
    cyclohexanol 1.1
    benzyl alcohol 1.98
    2-ethylhexanol 0.57
    isooctanol 0.79
    dipropyl ether 0.71
    1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.05
    ethyl lactate 9.92
    propylene carbonate 6.65
    n-methylformamide 13.48
    2-pentanol 0.92
    n-pentane 0.0
    1-propoxy-2-propanol 25.61
    1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate 15.79
    2-(2-methoxypropoxy) propanol 34.96
    mesitylene 0.04
    ε-caprolactone 7.51
    p-cymene 0.13
    epichlorohydrin 14.73
    1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.02
    2-aminoethanol 15.85
    morpholine-4-carbaldehyde 70.29
    sulfolane 102.49
    2,2,4-trimethylpentane 0.01
    2-methyltetrahydrofuran 4.27
    n-hexyl acetate 2.69
    isooctane 0.0
    2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol 59.07
    sec-butyl acetate 1.54
    tert-butyl acetate 3.24
    decalin 0.0
    glycerin 125.65
    diglyme 94.04
    acrylic acid 9.02
    isopropyl myristate 1.44
    n-butyric acid 4.51
    acetyl acetate 1.53
    di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 2.88
    ethyl propionate 1.85
    nitromethane 34.47
    1,2-diethoxyethane 12.03
    benzonitrile 1.0
    trioctyl phosphate 1.82
    1-bromopropane 0.01
    gamma-valerolactone 60.0
    n-decanol 0.66
    triethyl phosphate 2.8
    4-methyl-2-pentanol 0.85
    propionitrile 1.02
    vinylene carbonate 4.0
    1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane 26.09
    DMS 5.78
    cumene 0.05
    2-octanol 0.39
    2-hexanone 2.64
    octyl acetate 1.88
    limonene 0.15
    1,2-dimethoxyethane 32.51
    ethyl orthosilicate 2.23
    tributyl phosphate 2.7
    diacetone alcohol 21.91
    N,N-dimethylaniline 0.74
    acrylonitrile 2.7
    aniline 0.48
    1,3-propanediol 24.48
    bromobenzene 0.01
    dibromomethane 0.0
    1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 0.09
    2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate 2.91
    tetrabutyl urea 4.41
    diisobutyl methanol 0.74
    2-phenylethanol 1.66
    styrene 0.04
    dioctyl adipate 4.86
    dimethyl sulfate 15.92
    ethyl butyrate 2.54
    methyl lactate 23.78
    butyl lactate 8.45
    diethyl carbonate 2.01
    propanediol butyl ether 27.2
    triethyl orthoformate 3.95
    p-tert-butyltoluene 0.14
    methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate 6.92
    morpholine 16.56
    tert-butylamine 0.38
    n-dodecanol 0.5
    dimethoxymethane 15.39
    ethylene carbonate 2.85
    cyrene 28.09
    2-ethoxyethyl acetate 9.1
    2-ethylhexyl acetate 1.76
    1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 0.16
    4-methylpyridine 1.08
    dibutyl ether 1.11
    2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 0.74
    DEF 5.15
    dimethyl isosorbide 53.42
    tetrachloroethylene 0.03
    eugenol 9.52
    triacetin 12.15
    span 80 15.99
    1,4-butanediol 7.72
    1,1-dichloroethane 0.01
    2-methyl-1-pentanol 1.5
    methyl formate 8.11
    2-methyl-1-butanol 1.71
    n-decane 0.01
    butyronitrile 0.94
    3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol 1.16
    1-chlorooctane 0.07
    1-chlorotetradecane 0.05
    n-nonane 0.01
    undecane 0.01
    tert-butylcyclohexane 0.01
    cyclooctane 0.0
    cyclopentanol 2.26
    tetrahydropyran 0.93
    tert-amyl methyl ether 0.9
    2,5,8-trioxanonane 65.98
    1-hexene 0.01
    2-isopropoxyethanol 18.17
    2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 3.17
    methyl butyrate 3.18

    Scent© AI

1 4

IFRA standard 51

Recommendation
No restriction
Maximum acceptable concentrations in the finished product (%)
Category 1
Products applied to the lips
 No restriction Category 7A
Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 2
Products applied to the axillae
 No restriction Category 7B
Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
 No restriction
Category 3
Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
 No restriction Category 8
Products with significant anogenital exposure
 No restriction
Category 4
Products related to fine fragrance
 No restriction Category 9
Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
 No restriction
Category 5A
Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10A
Household care products with mostly hand contact
 No restriction
Category 5B
Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 10B
Household care products with mostly hand contact, including aerosol/spray products (with potential leave-on skin contact)
 No restriction
Category 5C
Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave on
 No restriction Category 11A
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 5D
Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
 No restriction Category 11B
Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
 No restriction
Category 6
Products with oral and lip exposure
 No restriction Category 12
Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
 No restriction